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Prostate cancer is a major topic of ongoing research. From 2016 to 2020, over $1.26 billion was invested in prostate cancer research, representing around 5% of global cancer research funds. [122] This places prostate cancer 10th among 18 common cancer types in funding per cancer death, and 9th in funding per disability-adjusted life year lost ...
Prostate cancer staging is the process by which physicians categorize the risk of cancer having spread beyond the prostate, or equivalently, the probability of being cured with local therapies such as surgery or radiation. Once patients are placed in prognostic categories, this information can contribute to the selection of an optimal approach ...
Surgical removal of the prostate, or prostatectomy, is a common treatment either for early-stage prostate cancer or for cancer that has failed to respond to radiation therapy. The most common type is radical retropubic prostatectomy , when the surgeon removes the prostate through an abdominal incision.
Prostate cancer antigen 3 is a urine test that detects the overexpression of the PCA3 gene, an indicator of prostate cancer. [32] [46] [47] [44] ConfirmMDx is performed on tissue taken during a prostate biopsy. The test identifies men with clinically significant prostate cancer who would benefit from further testing and treatment.
The Gleason grading system is used to help evaluate the prognosis of men with prostate cancer using samples from a prostate biopsy. Together with other parameters, it is incorporated into a strategy of prostate cancer staging which predicts prognosis and helps guide therapy. A Gleason score is given to prostate cancer based upon its microscopic ...
Prostate cancer was first described in a speech to the Medical and Chiurgical Society of London in 1853 by surgeon John Adams [42] [43] and increasingly described by the late 19th century. [44] Prostate cancer was initially considered a rare disease, probably because of shorter life expectancies and poorer
Prostate cancer is a form of cancer that is typically slow-growing and originates in or on the prostate, a male reproductive gland that surrounds the urethra in proximity of the bladder and rectum. This is a result of malignant cells forming and multiplying at the prostate, which can then spread or metastasize to other organs in the body. [1]
For prostate cancer, the best treatment often depends on the risk level presented by the disease. For most prostate cancers classified as "very low risk" and "low risk", radical prostatectomy is one of several treatment options; others include radiation, watchful waiting, and active surveillance.