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  2. Permissible exposure limit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permissible_exposure_limit

    Most of OSHA's PELs were issued shortly after adoption of the Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Act in 1970. [1] Chemical regulation is sometimes [clarification needed] expressed in parts per million (ppm), but often [clarification needed] in milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m 3). [2] Units of measure for physical agents such as noise are ...

  3. Recommended exposure limit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recommended_exposure_limit

    This TWA is calculated for a standard workday of up to 10 hours, over a 40-hour workweek. This is slightly different to permissible exposure limit (PELs), which are calculated for 8 hours over a 40-hour workweek instead. [1] NIOSH recognizes that certain scenarios demand more immediate attention and has therefore introduced additional measures.

  4. Dilution ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilution_ratio

    The following formulas can be used to calculate the volumes of solute (V solute) and solvent (V solvent) to be used: [1] = = where V total is the desired total volume, and F is the desired dilution factor number (the number in the position of F if expressed as "1/F dilution factor" or "xF dilution"). However, some solutions and mixtures take up ...

  5. Partial least squares path modeling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partial_least_squares_path...

    PLS-PM [4] [5] is a component-based estimation approach that differs from the covariance-based structural equation modeling.Unlike covariance-based approaches to structural equation modeling, PLS-PM does not fit a common factor model to the data, it rather fits a composite model.

  6. Partial least squares regression - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partial_least_squares...

    Partial least squares (PLS) regression is a statistical method that bears some relation to principal components regression and is a reduced rank regression [1]; instead of finding hyperplanes of maximum variance between the response and independent variables, it finds a linear regression model by projecting the predicted variables and the observable variables to a new space of maximum ...

  7. Pilling–Bedworth ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilling–Bedworth_ratio

    N.B. Pilling and R.E. Bedworth [2] suggested in 1923 that metals can be classed into two categories: those that form protective oxides, and those that cannot. They ascribed the protectiveness of the oxide to the volume the oxide takes in comparison to the volume of the metal used to produce this oxide in a corrosion process in dry air.

  8. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incremental_cost...

    The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) is a statistic used in cost-effectiveness analysis to summarise the cost-effectiveness of a health care intervention. It is defined by the difference in cost between two possible interventions, divided by the difference in their effect.

  9. Cyclically adjusted price-to-earnings ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclically_adjusted_price...

    The cyclically adjusted price-to-earnings ratio, commonly known as CAPE, [1] Shiller P/E, or P/E 10 ratio, [2] is a stock valuation measure usually applied to the US S&P 500 equity market. It is defined as price divided by the average of ten years of earnings ( moving average ), adjusted for inflation. [ 3 ]