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The typical disease course displays progressive dyspnea on exertion, spaced by recurrent pneumothoraces and in some patients, chylous pleural effusions or ascites. [16] Most people have dyspnea on exertion with daily activities by 10 years after symptom onset. Many patients require supplemental oxygen over that interval.
End stage pulmonary disease (ESPD) [2] is the result of chronic progressive lung diseases like COPD, [3] idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, or systemic progressive diseases that affect the lungs such as cystic fibrosis or granulomatosis with polyangiitis. It is defined as when the lungs can no longer or barely remove enough carbon dioxide or supply ...
In organic chemistry, a hemiacetal is a functional group the general formula R 1 R 2 C(OH)OR, where R 1, R 2 is a hydrogen atom or an organic substituent. They generally result from the nucleophilic addition of an alcohol (a compound with at least one hydroxy group ) to an aldehyde ( R−CH=O ) or a ketone ( R 2 C=O ) under acidic conditions.
Diagnosis requires ruling out other potential causes. [3] It may be supported by a high resolution CT scan or lung biopsy which show usual interstitial pneumonia. [3] It is a type of interstitial lung disease. [3] People often benefit from pulmonary rehabilitation and supplemental oxygen. [1]
Nearly half of lung cancers have mediastinal disease at diagnosis. [28] If cancer involves any of the mediastinal lymph nodes, these lymph nodes are designated N2 if they are on the same side as the original tumor, and N3 if they are on the other. N2, and particularly N3 lymph nodes, affect the clinical stage very significantly.
[21] [22] BAC generally carries a better prognosis than other forms of NSCLC, which can be partially attributed to localized presentation of the disease. [23] Though other factors might play a role. Prognosis of BAC depends upon the histological subtype and extent at presentation but are generally same as other NSCLC. [24]
Interstitial lung disease (ILD), or diffuse parenchymal lung disease (DPLD), [3] is a group of respiratory diseases affecting the interstitium (the tissue) and space around the alveoli (air sacs) of the lungs. [4] It concerns alveolar epithelium, pulmonary capillary endothelium, basement membrane, and perivascular and perilymphatic tissues. It ...
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), or non-small-cell lung carcinoma, is any type of epithelial lung cancer other than small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). NSCLC accounts for about 85% of all lung cancers. [1] [2] [3] As a class, NSCLCs are relatively insensitive to chemotherapy, compared to small-cell carcinoma.