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Retention ratio indicates the percentage of a company's earnings that are not paid out in dividends to shareholders but credited to retained earnings. It is the opposite of the dividend payout ratio , and is a key indicator of how much profit a company is keeping to fund its operations, growth, and development.
PT Perusahaan Listrik Negara (Persero) (lit. ' State Electricity Company ' , abbreviated as PLN ) is an Indonesian government-owned corporation which has a monopoly on electric power distribution in Indonesia and generates the majority of the country's electrical power, producing 176.4 TWh in 2015.
Value added is a term in financial economics for calculating the difference between market value of a product or service, and the sum value of its constituents. It is relatively expressed to the supply-demand curve for specific units of sale. [1]
Perusahaan Perseroan Pemerintah which are enterprises whose ownership are 100% government-owned. Until 2003, there was also another type of SOE called Perusahaan Jawatan (Perjan/PJ) (lit. ' service company ') which had operational costs funded from the national budget.
A curve of output against input. The areas of increasing, diminishing and negative returns are identified at points along the curve. There is also a point of maximum yield which is the point on the curve where producing another unit of output becomes inefficient and unproductive.
Market research is an organized effort to gather information about target markets and customers. It involves understanding who they are and what they need. [1] It is an important component of business strategy [2] and a major factor in maintaining competitiveness.
Ordinary least squares regression of Okun's law.Since the regression line does not miss any of the points by very much, the R 2 of the regression is relatively high.. In statistics, the coefficient of determination, denoted R 2 or r 2 and pronounced "R squared", is the proportion of the variation in the dependent variable that is predictable from the independent variable(s).
Blau (1964), [6] and Emerson (1976) [7] were the key theorists who developed the original theories of social exchange. Social exchange theory approaches bargaining power from a sociological perspective, suggesting that power dynamics in negotiations are influenced by the value of the resources each party brings to the exchange (a cost-benefit analysis), as well as the level of dependency ...