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The main indications for transplant were lymphoproliferative disorders (55%) and leukemias (34%), and many took place in either Europe (48%) or the Americas (36%). [20] The Worldwide Network for Blood and Marrow Transplantation reported the millionth transplant to have been undertaken in December 2012. [21]
Total body irradiation (TBI) is a form of radiotherapy used primarily as part of the preparative regimen for haematopoietic stem cell (or bone marrow) transplantation.As the name implies, TBI involves irradiation of the entire body, though in modern practice the lungs are often partially shielded to lower the risk of radiation-induced lung injury.
[2] [3] This usually takes the form of a bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cell transplantation, but the cells can also be derived from umbilical cord blood. Research is underway to develop various sources for stem cells as well as to apply stem-cell treatments for neurodegenerative diseases [4] and conditions such as diabetes and heart disease.
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the transplantation of multipotent hematopoietic stem cells, usually derived from bone marrow, peripheral blood, or umbilical cord blood. [16] [17] [13] It may be autologous (the patient's own stem cells are used), allogeneic (the stem cells come from a donor) or syngeneic (from an identical twin).
Annually an estimated 18,000 patients require potentially life-saving bone marrow transplants in the US. [6] For a long time, bone marrow transplantation was the only clinically applicable method of cell transplantation, however, since the 1990s, cell therapy has been investigated for a wide scale of pathologies and disorders.
The cells employed are allogeneic peripheral blood stem cells. Matched HLA between donor and recipient is not necessary. The stem cells are collected from donor’s blood through a process known as apheresis after a certain period of daily subcutaneous injections of Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, serving to mobilize stem cells from the donor's bone marrow into the peripheral circulation.
A bone marrow harvest in progress The preferred sites for the procedure. In a bone marrow transplant, hematopoietic stem cells are removed from a person and infused into another person or into the same person at a later time . If the donor and recipient are compatible, these infused cells will then travel to the bone marrow and initiate blood ...
Autologous stem-cell transplantation is distinguished from allogenic stem cell transplantation where the donor and the recipient of the stem cells are different people. [2] It can be also used as an Assisted reproductive technology to improve the reproductive outcomes. In a first step the bone marrow derived stem cells are mobilized.
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