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A Soxhlet extractor is a piece of laboratory apparatus [1] invented in 1879 by Franz von Soxhlet. [2] It was originally designed for the extraction of a lipid from a solid material. Typically, Soxhlet extraction is used when the desired compound has a limited solubility in a solvent , and the impurity is insoluble in that solvent.
Unsolved problems relating to the interactions between organisms and their distribution in the environment include: Paradox of the plankton . The high diversity of phytoplankton seems to violate the competitive exclusion principle .
The pygmy mammoth is an example of insular dwarfism, a case of Foster's rule, its unusually small body size an adaptation to the limited resources of its island home.. A biological rule or biological law is a generalized law, principle, or rule of thumb formulated to describe patterns observed in living organisms.
Soxhlet extractor Extraction in chemistry is a separation process consisting of the separation of a substance from a matrix . The distribution of a solute between two phases is an equilibrium condition described by partition theory.
Krogh's principle states that "for such a large number of problems there will be some animal of choice, or a few such animals, on which it can be most conveniently studied." This concept is central to those disciplines of biology that rely on the comparative method , such as neuroethology , comparative physiology , and more recently functional ...
Today, the theory rests on advanced topics in linear algebra, algebra and combinatorics. As with other branches of statistics, experimental design is pursued using both frequentist and Bayesian approaches: In evaluating statistical procedures like experimental designs, frequentist statistics studies the sampling distribution while Bayesian ...
The problem of induction questions the logical basis of scientific statements. Inductive reasoning appears to lie at the core of the scientific method, yet also appears to be invalid. David Hume was the person who first pointed out the problem of induction. Karl Popper offered one solution, Falsifiability
Problems that involve many governing factors, where most of them cannot be expressed numerically can be well suited for morphological analysis. The conventional approach is to break a complex system into parts, isolate the parts (dropping the 'trivial' elements) whose contributions are critical to the output and solve the simplified system for ...