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Cryptococcus gattii, formerly known as Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii, is an encapsulated yeast found primarily in tropical and subtropical climates. Its teleomorph is Filobasidiella bacillispora, a filamentous fungus belonging to the class Tremellomycetes.
Most infections with C. neoformans occur in the lungs, as the fungus enters its host through the respiratory route. [14] Because it is normally a harmless soil fungus, C. neoformans must first adapt to its new environment inside the human body, making several virulent transformations, including the formation of a polysaccharide capsule.
The taxonomy of C. gattii has been reviewed; it has now been divided into five species: C. gattii sensu stricto, C. bacillisporus, 'C. deuterogattii, C. tetragattii, and C. decagattii. [ 10 ] [ 2 ] Cryptococcus depauperatus is parasitic on Lecanicillium lecanii , an entomopathogenic fungus , and is known from Sri Lanka, England, the Netherlands ...
Candidiasis is a fungal infection due to any species of the genus Candida (a yeast). [4] When it affects the mouth, in some countries it is commonly called thrush. [3] Signs and symptoms include white patches on the tongue or other areas of the mouth and throat. [3]
A prolactinoma is a tumor of the pituitary gland that produces the hormone prolactin.It is the most common type of functioning pituitary tumor. [1] Symptoms of prolactinoma are due to abnormally high levels of prolactin in the blood (hyperprolactinemia), or due to pressure of the tumor on surrounding brain tissue and/or the optic nerves.
Cryptococcosis is a potentially fatal fungal infection of mainly the lungs, presenting as a pneumonia, and in the brain, where it appears as a meningitis. [4] [9] [12] Coughing, difficulty breathing, chest pain and fever are seen when the lungs are infected. [5]
The treatment requires frequent monitoring to the 1 in 30,000 that suffer from MEN-1. [3] Endocrine pancreatic tumor are treated with surgery and cytotoxic drugs in case of malignant disease. Pituitary tumors are treated with surgery (acromegaly and Mb. Cushing) or medicine (prolactinomas). [3]
Pituitary adenomas are tumors that occur in the pituitary gland. Most pituitary tumors are benign, approximately 35% are invasive and just 0.1% to 0.2% are carcinomas. [1] Pituitary adenomas represent from 10% to 25% of all intracranial neoplasms, with an estimated prevalence rate in the general population of approximately 17%. [1] [2]