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The Pharmaceutical Price Regulation Scheme (PPRS) is the mechanism used by the UK Department of Health to ensure that the NHS has access to good quality branded medicines at reasonable prices. It involves a non-contractual agreement between the UK Department of Health and The Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry (ABPI).
If they do not prove entitlement to help with health costs, and do not pay the amount stated in the penalty charge notice, the NHS may take court action to recover the debt. The penalty charge is increased by 50 percent of the penalty charge if they do not pay within 28 days of the date the penalty charge notice is sent.
The NHS Long Term Plan, also known as the NHS 10-Year Plan is a document published by NHS England on 7 January 2019, which sets out its priorities for healthcare over the next 10 years and shows how the NHS funding settlement will be used. It was published by NHS England chief executive Simon Stevens and Prime Minister Theresa May. [1]
Pyelonephritis affects about 1 to 2 per 1,000 women each year and just under 0.5 per 1,000 males. [5] [7] Young adult females are most often affected, followed by the very young and old. [2] With treatment, outcomes are generally good in young adults.
Pyelonephritis occurs between 20 and 30 times less frequently. [4] They are the most common cause of hospital-acquired infections accounting for approximately 40%. [ 115 ] Rates of asymptomatic bacteria in the urine increase with age from two to seven percent in women of child-bearing age to as high as 50% in elderly women in care homes. [ 42 ]
Together with intravenous antibiotics, drainage [8] —either percutaneous or retrograde with a ureteral stent [9] —has become the cornerstone of treatment since the development of ultrasonography and computed tomography (CT) scanning. Drainage offers a great outcome with low rates of morbidity and mortality.
Exclusive: NHS England cut its funding for pectus surgery in 2019
The NHS Low Income Scheme is intended to reduce the cost of NHS prescription charges, NHS dentistry, sight tests, glasses and contact lenses, necessary costs of travel to receive NHS treatment, NHS wigs and fabric supports, i.e. spinal or abdominal supports or surgical brassieres supplied through a hospital.