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Roman religion was based on knowledge rather than faith, [131] but superstitio was viewed as an "inappropriate desire for knowledge"; in effect, an abuse of religio. [ 129 ] In the everyday world, many individuals sought to divine the future, influence it through magic, or seek vengeance with help from "private" diviners.
In the year before the First Council of Constantinople in 381, Christianity became the official religion of the Roman Empire when Theodosius I, emperor of the East, Gratian, emperor of the West, and Gratian's junior co-ruler Valentinian II issued the Edict of Thessalonica in 380, [1] which recognized the catholic orthodoxy [a] of Nicene Christians as the Roman Empire's state religion.
Monasteries spread throughout the isolated regions of Western Europe. 962: King Otto the Great of Germany (East Francia) was crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope John XII in St. Peter's Basilica. 966: Mieszko I of Poland converts to Catholicism, beginning the Baptism of Poland.
1631 – Kingdom of Matamba (Roman Catholic Church) 1633 – Ethiopia returns from Catholic to Coptic; 1640 – Piscataway (Roman Catholic Church) 1642 – Huron-Wendat Nation (Roman Catholic Church) 1650 – Kingdom of Larantuka (Roman Catholic Church) 1654 – Onondaga (Roman Catholic Church) 1663–1665 – Kingdom of Loango (briefly Roman ...
Map of the Roman Empire with the distribution of Christian congregations of the first three centuries AD. The growth of Early Christianity from its obscure origin c. AD 40, with fewer than 1,000 followers, to being the majority religion of the entire Roman Empire by AD 400, has been examined through a wide variety of historiographical approaches.
The Balts, the last major polytheistic population in Europe, had been raiding surrounding countries for several centuries, and subduing them was what mattered most to the Eastern European nobles. [ 380 ] [ note 10 ] In 1147, Eugenius' Divina dispensatione gave eastern nobility indulgences for the first of the Baltic wars (1147–1316).
The Religio Romana (literally, the "Roman Religion") constituted the major religion of the city in antiquity.The first gods held sacred by the Romans were Jupiter, the highest, and Mars, the god of war, and father of Rome's twin founders, Romulus and Remus, according to tradition.
The traditional social stratification of the Occident in the 15th century. Church and state in medieval Europe was the relationship between the Catholic Church and the various monarchies and other states in Europe during the Middle Ages (between the end of Roman authority in the West in the fifth century to their end in the East in the fifteenth century and the beginning of the Modern era).