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The Baltimore Catechism defined Hell by using the word "state" alone: "Hell is a state to which the wicked are condemned, and in which they are deprived of the sight of God for all eternity, and are in dreadful torments." However, suffering is characterized as both mental and physical: "The damned will suffer in both mind and body, because both ...
Proponents of the traditional Christian doctrine of Hell, such as Millard Erickson, [89] identify the following biblical texts in support of their doctrine: Psalm 52:5 "Surely God will bring you down to everlasting ruin: He will snatch you up and pluck you from your tent; he will uproot you from the land of the living."
Hell is regarded as necessary for Allah's (God's) divine justice and justified by God's absolute sovereignty, and an "integral part of Islamic theology". [34] In addition to the question of whether divine mercy (one of Names of God in Islam is "The Merciful" ar-Raḥīm ) is compatible with consigning sinners to hell, is whether ...
The belief that Jesus Christ was not the Son of God from eternity, but was adopted by God at some point in his life. [4] Valentinianism: A Gnostic heresy that taught that the world was created by a series of emanations from the supreme being. Valentinians believed that salvation came from knowledge of the true nature of the universe. Sabellianism
The belief that God chooses to save certain people, not because of any foreseen merit or good in themselves, but totally by his sovereign choice. Calvinism has been summed up in five points, known as TULIP. Total depravity, of humanity. Unconditional election. God chooses those he wants to save regardless of merit by predestination. Limited ...
Some modern critics of the doctrine of Hell (such as Marilyn McCord Adams) claim that, even if Hell is seen as a choice rather than as punishment, it would be unreasonable for God to give such flawed and ignorant creatures as humans the awesome responsibility of their eternal destinies. [159]
Special attention is given to Augustine ("City of God") and to John Calvin ("Psychopannychia"). Fudge argues that the doctrine of hell as eternal, conscious torment was not a necessary corollary of the doctrine of the immortality of the soul, brought into the Christian church by apologists such as Athenagoras and especially Tertullian.
Annihilationism, the doctrine that the damned will be totally destroyed after the final judgment so as to not exist, was introduced to Pentecostalism in the teachings of Charles Fox Parham (1873–1929). [14] Not all Pentecostal sects accepted the idea. [15] Prior to 1957, Branham taught a doctrine of eternal punishment in hell. [16]