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Other historical lab routes include methylation of hydrazine, reduction of nitrodimethylamine and amination of dimethylamine with aminopersulfuric acid. [11] UDMH is produced industrially by two routes. [5] Based on the Olin Raschig process, one method involves reaction of monochloramine with dimethylamine giving 1,1-dimethylhydrazinium chloride:
Dimethylhydrazine is the name of two compounds with the molecular formula C 2 H 8 N 2.These are: unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (1,1-dimethylhydrazine), with both methyl groups bonded to the same nitrogen atom
The reduction of benzenediazonium chloride with tin(II) chloride and hydrochloric acid provides phenylhydrazine. [2] 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine is produced by the reaction of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene with hydrazine. [2] Tetraphenylhydrazine is formed by the oxidation of diphenylamine with potassium permanganate in acetone. [2]
Aerozine 50 is a 50:50 mix by weight of hydrazine and unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH), [1] [2] developed in the late 1950s by Aerojet General Corporation as a storable, high-energy, hypergolic fuel for the Titan II ICBM rocket engines.
The name "hydrazine" was coined by Emil Fischer in 1875; he was trying to produce organic compounds that consisted of mono-substituted hydrazine. [10] By 1887, Theodor Curtius had produced hydrazine sulfate by treating organic diazides with dilute sulfuric acid; however, he was unable to obtain pure hydrazine, despite repeated efforts.
The Knorr pyrrole synthesis is a widely used chemical reaction that synthesizes substituted pyrroles (3). [1] [2] [3] The method involves the reaction of an α-amino-ketone (1) and a compound containing an electron-withdrawing group (e.g. an ester as shown) α to a carbonyl group (2). [4] The Knorr pyrrole synthesis
The power for the thruster comes from the high pressure gas created during the decomposition reaction that allows a rocket nozzle to speed up the gas to create thrust. The most commonly used monopropellant is hydrazine (N 2 H 4, or H 2 N−NH 2), a compound unstable in the presence of a catalyst and which is also a strong reducing agent.
The Vilsmeier–Haack reaction (also called the Vilsmeier reaction) is the chemical reaction of a substituted formamide (1) with phosphorus oxychloride and an electron-rich arene (3) to produce an aryl aldehyde or ketone (5): RC(=O)NR ′ R″ + HArZ + POCl 3 + H 2 O → RC(=O)ArZ + NR ′ R″H + HCl + H 3 PO 4