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  2. Earth's outer core - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth's_outer_core

    Earth and atmosphere structure. Earth's outer core is a fluid layer about 2,260 km (1,400 mi) thick, composed of mostly iron and nickel that lies above Earth's solid inner core and below its mantle.

  3. Depth perception - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depth_perception

    Depth sensation is the corresponding term for non-human animals, since although it is known that they can sense the distance of an object, it is not known whether they perceive it in the same way that humans do. [1] Depth perception arises from a variety of depth cues. These are typically classified into binocular cues and monocular cues ...

  4. Earth's crust - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth's_crust

    Oceanic: 5 – 10 km (3 – 6 mi) thick [4] and composed primarily of denser, more mafic rocks, such as basalt, diabase, and gabbro. The average thickness of the crust is about 15 – 20 km (9 – 12 mi). [5] Because both the continental and oceanic crust are less dense than the mantle below, both types of crust "float" on the mantle.

  5. Earth's mantle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth's_mantle

    The borehole reached a maximum depth of 1,268 meters and recovered 886 meters of rock samples consisting of primarily peridotite. There is debate over the extent to which the samples represent the upper mantle with some arguing the effects of seawater on the samples situates them as examples of deep lower crust.

  6. Internal structure of Earth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_structure_of_Earth

    It is primarily a solid ball with a radius of about 1,220 km (760 mi), which is about 19% of Earth's radius [0.7% of volume] or 70% of the Moon's radius. [32] [33] The inner core was discovered in 1936 by Inge Lehmann and is composed primarily of iron and some nickel. Since this layer is able to transmit shear waves (transverse seismic waves ...

  7. Lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithosphere–asthenosphere...

    Earthquakes are primarily constrained to occur within the old, cold, lithosphere to temperatures of up to ~650 °C. [3] This criterion works particularly well in oceanic lithosphere, where it is reasonably simple to estimate the temperature at depth based upon the age of the rocks. [4] The LAB is most shallow when using this definition.

  8. Lithosphere - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithosphere

    The tectonic plates of the lithosphere on Earth Earth cutaway from center to surface, the lithosphere comprising the crust and lithospheric mantle (detail not to scale). A lithosphere (from Ancient Greek λίθος (líthos) 'rocky' and σφαίρα (sphaíra) 'sphere') is the rigid, [1] outermost rocky shell of a terrestrial planet or natural satellite.

  9. Depth of field - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depth_of_field

    The hyperfocal distance has a property called "consecutive depths of field", where a lens focused at an object whose distance from the lens is at the hyperfocal distance H will hold a depth of field from H/2 to infinity, if the lens is focused to H/2, the depth of field will be from H/3 to H; if the lens is then focused to H/3, the depth of ...