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  2. Mathematical descriptions of the electromagnetic field

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_descriptions...

    In three dimensions, the derivative has a special structure allowing the introduction of a cross product: = + = + from which it is easily seen that Gauss's law is the scalar part, the Ampère–Maxwell law is the vector part, Faraday's law is the pseudovector part, and Gauss's law for magnetism is the pseudoscalar part of the equation.

  3. Farkas' lemma - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farkas'_lemma

    Farkas' lemma is the key result underpinning the linear programming duality and has played a central role in the development of mathematical optimization (alternatively, mathematical programming). It is used amongst other things in the proof of the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker theorem in nonlinear programming . [ 2 ]

  4. LP-type problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LP-type_problem

    The use of randomization to improve the time bounds for low dimensional linear programming and related problems was pioneered by Clarkson and by Dyer & Frieze (1989). The definition of LP-type problems in terms of functions satisfying the axioms of locality and monotonicity is from Sharir & Welzl (1992) , but other authors in the same timeframe ...

  5. Weak formulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weak_formulation

    This is a formulation of the Lax–Milgram theorem which relies on properties of the symmetric part of the bilinear form. It is not the most general form. It is not the most general form. Let V {\displaystyle V} be a real Hilbert space and a ( ⋅ , ⋅ ) {\displaystyle a(\cdot ,\cdot )} a bilinear form on V {\displaystyle V} , which is

  6. Law (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_(mathematics)

    In mathematics, a law is a formula that is always true within a given context. [1] Laws describe a relationship , between two or more expressions or terms (which may contain variables ), usually using equality or inequality , [ 2 ] or between formulas themselves, for instance, in mathematical logic .

  7. Basic solution (linear programming) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_solution_(Linear...

    In linear programming, a discipline within applied mathematics, a basic solution is any solution of a linear programming problem satisfying certain specified technical conditions. For a polyhedron P {\displaystyle P} and a vector x ∗ ∈ R n {\displaystyle \mathbf {x} ^{*}\in \mathbb {R} ^{n}} , x ∗ {\displaystyle \mathbf {x} ^{*}} is a ...

  8. Hopf maximum principle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopf_maximum_principle

    Let u = u(x), x = (x 1, ..., x n) be a C 2 function which satisfies the differential inequality = + in an open domain (connected open subset of R n) Ω, where the symmetric matrix a ij = a ji (x) is locally uniformly positive definite in Ω and the coefficients a ij, b i are locally bounded.

  9. Linear-fractional programming - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear-fractional_programming

    In mathematical optimization, linear-fractional programming (LFP) is a generalization of linear programming (LP). Whereas the objective function in a linear program is a linear function, the objective function in a linear-fractional program is a ratio of two linear functions. A linear program can be regarded as a special case of a linear ...