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Genetic privacy concerns also arise in the context of criminal law because the government can sometimes overcome criminal suspects' genetic privacy interests and obtain their DNA sample. [5] Due to the shared nature of genetic information between family members, this raises privacy concerns of relatives as well. [6]
A common feature of biopunk fiction is the "black clinic", which is a laboratory, clinic, or hospital that performs illegal, unregulated, or ethically dubious biological modification and genetic engineering procedures. [2] Many features of biopunk fiction have their roots in William Gibson's Neuromancer, one of the first cyberpunk novels. [3]
The benefits can be substantial, but so can the risks. The possible adverse consequences of genetic tests include discrimination in employment and health insurance and breaches of privacy. Government policies are therefore needed to assure the proper use of genetic tests. The first piece of federal legislation came into effect in 2000.
The geneticist Dan Koboldt observes that while science and technology play major roles in fiction, from fantasy and science fiction to thrillers, the representation of science in both literature and film is often unrealistic. [28] In Koboldt's view, genetics in fiction is frequently oversimplified, and some myths are common and need to be debunked.
In bioethics and law, gene theft or DNA theft is the act of acquiring the genetic material of another individual, usually from public places, without his or her permission. The DNA may be harvested from a wide variety of common objects such as discarded cigarettes, used condoms, coffee cups, and hairbrushes.
The 1997 science fiction film GATTACA presents a near-future society where personal genomics is readily available to anyone, and explores its societal impact. Perfect DNA [ 57 ] is a novel that uses Dr Manuel Corpas ' own experiences and expertise as genome scientist to begin exploring some of these tremendously challenging issues.
The Coalition for Genetic Fairness [18] presents some arguments for genetic nondiscrimination. As of 2007, their argument makes the claim that because all humans have genetic anomalies, this would prevent them from accessing medication and health insurance. The coalition also cites the potential for misuse of genetic information.
In science fiction, uplift is the intervention in the evolution of species of low-intelligence or even nonsentient species in order to increase their intelligence. [1] This is usually accomplished by cultural, technological, or evolutionary interventions such as genetic engineering .