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Speed Score, often simply abbreviated to Spd, is a statistic used in Sabermetric studies to evaluate a baseball player's speed. It was invented by Bill James, and first appeared in the 1987 edition of the Bill James Baseball Abstract. [1] Speed score is on a scale of 0 to 10, with zero being the slowest and ten being the fastest.
The highest single-season power–speed number was recorded in 2024 by Shohei Ohtani of the Los Angeles Dodgers, with 54 home runs and 59 stolen bases for a power-speed number of 56.39. It was previously held by Ronald Acuña Jr. who hit 41 home runs and stole 73 bases in 2023 to record a power–speed number of 52.51.
English-American sportswriter Henry Chadwick, the "father" of baseball statistics. English-American sportswriter Henry Chadwick developed the box score in New York City in 1858. This was the first way statisticians were able to describe the sport of baseball by numerically tracking various aspects of game play. [2]
In baseball, isolated power or ISO is a sabermetric computation used to measure a batter's raw power. One formula is slugging percentage minus batting average . I S O = S L G − A V G {\displaystyle ISO=SLG-AVG}
The formula uses a player's standard deviations from the mean (a weighted z-score [9]) of the DIPS statistic xFIP (expected Fielding Independent Pitching), swinging strike percentage, overall strike percentage, and the differential between the pitcher's ERA and xFIP to determine a quantitative value for each pitcher.
In Major League Baseball (MLB), .300 is considered an average BABIP. [2] Various factors can impact BABIP, such as a player's home ballpark; [3] for batters, being speedy enough to reach base on infield hits; [3] or, for pitchers, the quality of their team's defense. [4]
Win Shares is a 2002 book about baseball written by Bill James and Jim Henzler. The book explains how to apply the concept of sabermetrics to assess the impact of player performance in a combination of several areas, including offensive, defensive, and pitching on their team's overall performance.
Extrapolated Runs (XR) is a baseball statistic invented by sabermetrician Jim Furtado to estimate the number of runs a hitter contributes to his team. XR measures essentially the same thing as Bill James' Runs Created, but it is a linear weights formula that assigns a run value to each event, rather than a multiplicative formula like James' creation.