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The tensile strength of a material quantifies how much elongating stress the material will endure before failure. [50] [51] This is very important in applications that rely upon a polymer's physical strength or durability. For example, a rubber band with a higher tensile strength will hold a greater weight before snapping.
High-strength steels have comparable yield strengths, and low-carbon steels have yield strengths much lower (around 0.5 GPa (73,000 psi)). Since steel has a specific gravity of roughly 7.8, these materials have a strength-to-weight ratios eight times that of high-strength steels.
Polymer Characteristic properties Uses Bakelite: Phenol-formaldehyde resin: High electric, heat and chemical resistance: Insulation of wires, manufacturing sockets, electrical devices, brake pads, etc. Kevlar: Para-aramid fibre: High tensile strength: Manufacturing armour, sports and musical equipment. Used in the field of cryogenics: Twaron ...
When Kevlar is spun, the resulting fiber has a tensile strength of about 3,620 MPa (525,000 psi), [23] and a relative density of 1.44 (0.052 lb/in 3). The polymer owes its high strength to the many inter-chain bonds. These inter-molecular hydrogen bonds form between the carbonyl groups and NH centers.
The ultimate tensile strength of a material is an intensive property; therefore its value does not depend on the size of the test specimen.However, depending on the material, it may be dependent on other factors, such as the preparation of the specimen, the presence or otherwise of surface defects, and the temperature of the test environment and material.
HDPE is known for its high strength-to-density ratio. [4] The density of HDPE ranges from 930 to 970 kg/m 3. [5] Although the density of HDPE is only marginally higher than that of low-density polyethylene, HDPE has little branching, giving it stronger intermolecular forces and tensile strength (38 MPa versus 21 MPa) than LDPE. [6]
LLDPE is a substantially linear polymer with significant numbers of short branches, commonly made by copolymerization of ethylene with short-chain alpha-olefins (for example, 1-butene, 1-hexene, and 1-octene). LLDPE has higher tensile strength than LDPE, and it exhibits higher impact and puncture resistance than LDPE.
PAN has properties involving low density, thermal stability, high strength and modulus of elasticity. These unique properties have made PAN an essential polymer in high tech. Its high tensile strength and tensile modulus are established by fiber sizing, coatings, production processes, and PAN's fiber chemistry.