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The feet of an Arabic poem are traditionally represented by mnemonic words called tafāʿīl (تفاعيل).In most poems there are eight of these: four in the first half of the verse and four in the second; in other cases, there will be six of them, meaning three in the first half of the verse and three in the second.
Arabic Grammar in its Formative Age: Kitāb al-‘ayn and its Attribution to Halīl b. Aḥmad, Studies in Semitic Languages and Linguistics, 25 (Leiden: Brill, 1997). Includes a thorough assessment of al-Khalil's biography. Abdel-Malek, Zaki N. (2019) Towards a New Theory of Arabic Prosody, 5th ed. (Revised), Posted online with free access.
Therefore, the fundamental unit of sajʿ prosody is the word, lafẓah (pl. Iafaẓāt), and not the syllable or the tafʿīlah. Angelika Neuwirth has defined saj' as: [ 17 ] short units rhyming in frequently changing sound patterns reiterating the last consonant and based on a common rhythm
Al-Khalīl ibn ʿAḥmad al-Farāhīdī (711–786 CE) was the first Arab scholar to subject the prosody of Arabic poetry to a detailed phonological study. He failed to produce a coherent, integrated theory which satisfies the requirements of generality, adequacy, and simplicity; instead, he merely listed and categorized the primary data, thus ...
ˀAḫmad al-Farāhīdī's contribution to the study of Arabic prosody is undeniably significant: he was the first scholar to subject Arabic poetry to a meticulous, painstaking metrical analysis. Unfortunately, he fell short of producing a coherent theory; instead, he was content to merely gather, classify, and categorize the primary data—a ...
Arabic prosody, study of poetic meters in Arabic; Aruz, Persian, Turkic and Urdu prosody, using the ʿarūż meters; English prosody, in the English language; Greek prosody, the theory and practice of versification in Greek; Kannada prosody, the study of metres used in Kannada poetry; Latin prosody, the study of Latin poetry and its laws of meter
The Arabic word used for literature is Adab, which comes from a meaning of etiquette, and which implies politeness, culture and enrichment. [1] Arabic literature emerged in the 5th century with only fragments of the written language appearing before then. The Qur'an [2] would have the greatest lasting effect on Arab culture and its literature.
In classic Arabic literature, a famous form of rhymed prose is known as saj'. Saj' is considered by many to be the earliest form of artistic speech in Arabic dating to pre-Islamic times, and some reconstructions make it out to be a predecessor of metered poetic verse in Arabic. Rajaz may have been an intermediary for this process. [1]