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Abdel-Malek, Zaki N. (2019)Towards a New Theory of Arabic Prosody (5th edition). Alnagdawi, M., et al. (2013). "Finding Arabic Poem Meter using Context Free Grammar".
Arabic Grammar in its Formative Age: Kitāb al-‘ayn and its Attribution to Halīl b. Aḥmad, Studies in Semitic Languages and Linguistics, 25 (Leiden: Brill, 1997). Includes a thorough assessment of al-Khalil's biography. Abdel-Malek, Zaki N. (2019) Towards a New Theory of Arabic Prosody, 5th ed. (Revised), Posted online with free access.
Al-Khalīl ibn ʿAḥmad al-Farāhīdī (711–786 CE) was the first Arab scholar to subject the prosody of Arabic poetry to a detailed phonological study. He failed to produce a coherent, integrated theory which satisfies the requirements of generality, adequacy, and simplicity; instead, he merely listed and categorized the primary data, thus ...
Saj' was the earliest artistic speech in Arabic. [3] [4] It could be found in pre-Islamic Arabia among the kuhhān (the pre-Islamic soothsayers) [5] and in Abyssinia for ecclesiastical poetry and folk songs. [6] One famous composer of saj' was said to have been the bishop of Najran, Quss Ibn Sa'ida al-Iyadi. [7]
The ʿarūż [a] (from Arabic عروض ʿarūḍ), also called ʿarūż prosody, is the Persian, Turkic and Urdu prosody, using the ʿarūż meters. [b] The earliest founder of this versification system was Khalil ibn Ahmad. There were 16 meters of ʿarūż at first. Later Persian scholars added 3 more.
Maqṭūʿ poems are mostly of two lines, but occasionally as short as one or as many as ten; they are composed in the classical metres of Arabic prosody and are characterised by a premise-exposition-resolution structure, [1]: 17–19 frequently including play on words and double entendre.
The Arabic word used for literature is Adab, which comes from a meaning of etiquette, and which implies politeness, culture and enrichment. [1] Arabic literature emerged in the 5th century with only fragments of the written language appearing before then. The Qur'an [2] would have the greatest lasting effect on Arab culture and its literature.
In 1993 he wrote the entry "Arabic Prosody" in the Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics, [16] and in 1995 he published his book Karmilliyat - Studies on Forms and Metrics in Arabic Poetry, [17] which mainly discusses problems of style, structure and metrics in Arabic poetry, both written in classical language and the kind used in ...