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There also are standard transponder codes for defined situations defined by the International Civil Aviation Organization (marked below as ICAO). Transponder codes shown in this list in the color RED are for emergency use only such as an aircraft hijacking, radio communication failure or another type of emergency.
There are 16,777,214 (2 24-2) unique ICAO 24-bit addresses (hex codes) available. [5] [6] The ICAO 24-bit address can be represented in three digital formats: hexadecimal, octal, and binary. These addresses are used to provide a unique identity normally allocated to an individual aircraft or registration.
An equipment code describes the communication (COM), navigation (NAV), approach aids and surveillance transponder equipment on board an aircraft. These alphabetic codes are used on FAA and ICAO flight plan forms to aid flight service station (FSS) personnel in their handling of aircraft.
A discrete transponder code (often called a squawk code) is assigned by air traffic controllers to identify an aircraft uniquely in a flight information region (FIR). This allows easy identification of aircraft on radar. [6] [7] Codes are made of four octal digits; the dials on a transponder read from zero to seven, inclusive. Four octal digits ...
The ICAO 24–bit transponder code is intended for non-human usage in the Mode-S and ADS-B protocols. [2] See also. Airline codes; List of ICAO aircraft type designators;
The transponder has a small required set of controls and is simple to operate. It has a method to enter the four-digit transponder code, also known as a beacon code or squawk code, and a control to transmit an ident, which is done at the controller's request (see SPI pulse below). Transponders typically have 4 operating modes: Off, Standby, On ...
Gillham code is a zero-padded 12-bit binary code using a parallel nine-[1] to eleven-wire interface, [2] the Gillham interface, that is used to transmit uncorrected barometric altitude between an encoding altimeter or analog air data computer and a digital transponder.
IFF Mark X was the NATO standard military identification friend or foe transponder system from the early 1950s until it was slowly replaced by the IFF Mark XII in the 1970s. It was also adopted by ICAO, with some modifications, as the civilian air traffic control (ATC) secondary radar (SSR) transponder.