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A punkah, also pankha (Urdu: پَنکھا, Hindi: पंखा, paṅkhā), is a type of fan used since the early 6th century BC. The word pankha originated from pankh , the wings of a bird which produce a current of air when flapped.
Indonesia, [c] officially the Republic of Indonesia, [d] is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian and Pacific oceans. Comprising over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guinea, Indonesia is the world's largest archipelagic state and the 14th-largest country by area, at 1,904,569 square kilometres (735,358 square miles).
Although Hinduism and Buddhism are no longer the major religions of Indonesia, Sanskrit, the language vehicle for these religions, is still held in high esteem, and its status is comparable with that of Latin in English and other Western European languages.
There are more than 600 ethnic groups [1] in the multicultural Indonesian archipelago, making it one of the most diverse countries in the world. The vast majority of these belong to the Austronesian peoples, concentrated in western and central Indonesia (), with a sizable minority are Melanesian peoples concentrated in eastern Indonesia ().
The new classification categorized 1,331 coded ethnicities from the census into more than 600 groups instead of just 31 in the initial classification, [4] completely dissolved the placeholder "ethnic groups from X" categories to better capture the diversity of Indonesia's ethnic demography, [5] corrected misplaced groups and subgroups, [6] and ...
The regions of Indonesia have some of their indigenous ethnic groups. Due to migration within Indonesia (as part of government transmigration programs or otherwise), there are significant populations of ethnic groups who reside outside of their traditional regions. Java: Javanese, Sundanese, Betawi, Bantenese, Tengger, Osing, Badui, and others.
The classification of the Panika under India's system of positive discrimination varies from one state to another. The entire community had been classified as a Scheduled Tribe (ST) by the Government of India in 1949 but in 1971 the Government of Madhya Pradesh redesignated those in what was then that state's Chhattisgarh region as being an Other Backward Class (OBC).
It was known as the first Hindu kingdom in present-Indonesia known as the Kutai Martadipura Kingdom founded by king Kudungga in the 4th century CE, then the Sultanate of Kutai Kartanegara ing Martadipura was formed later in the 15th century after the royalties converted to Islam.