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Diaphragm pacing (and even earlier as electrophrenic respiration [1] [2]) is the rhythmic application of electrical impulses to the diaphragm to provide artificial ventilatory support for respiratory failure or sleep apnea.
Patients treated in iron lungs for polio experienced varying outcomes depending on the severity of their condition and the duration of their treatment: [38] Most patients needed the iron lung for only a few weeks or months. However, a minority with permanently paralyzed chest muscles faced a lifetime of confinement in the iron lung.
Since these drugs may cause paralysis of the diaphragm, mechanical ventilation should be at hand to provide respiration. In addition, these drugs may exhibit cardiovascular effects, since they are not fully selective for the nicotinic receptor and hence may have effects on muscarinic receptors . [ 11 ]
In addition to diaphragmatic paralysis, other issues may arise: as the name suggests, the distal limbs are most affected with symptoms of weakness, [3] restricting mobility due to (near-)paralysis of the distal limbs as well as the head and neck. [3] Also, dysfunction of the peripheral nerves and the autonomic nervous system may occur. [1]
Patients scored an average of 21.8 on the St George's Respiratory Symptom Questionnaire after completing five treatment sessions of the Papworth method in addition to their usual therapy. Patients who had not been given the therapy scored 32.8. This improvement in symptoms was still maintained one year later.
For example, a subphrenic abscess beneath the right diaphragm might cause a patient to feel pain in the right shoulder. Irritation of the phrenic nerve (or the tissues it supplies) leads to the hiccup reflex. A hiccup is a spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm, which pulls air against the closed folds of the larynx.
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Advocates for this technique claim that it can improve breathing mechanics, including diaphragmatic function. They use the term "zone of apposition" to describe where the diaphragm attaches to the rib cage. [4] The diaphragm's mechanical action and respiratory advantage depends on its relationship and anatomical arrangement with the rib cage ...
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