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The aerial surveillance doctrine’s place in Fourth Amendment jurisprudence first surfaced in California v.Ciraolo (1986). In this case, the U.S. Supreme Court considered whether law enforcement’s warrantless use of a private plane to observe, from an altitude of 1,000 feet, an individual’s cultivation of marijuana plants in his yard constituted a search under the Fourth Amendment. [1]
Deals with the history of national security surveillance up until passage of FISA in 1978; new legal procedures created by the 1978 law; the evolution of the law from 1978 until passage of the USA-PATRIOT Act; legal changes triggered by the attacks of September 11, 2001; and suggested proposals for reforms.
Federal Law prohibits the shooting down of aircraft or drones as a felony. Those caught doing so will pay a fine of $250,000 and face prison. Police are not the only ones to employ drones.
The federal government, the District of Columbia and all 50 states employ electronic devices to track and constrain the movements of pretrial defendants and convicts on probation or parole. GPS monitoring devices are most commonly used by law enforcement in Florida, Texas, California, Massachusetts, and Michigan. [3]
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The vast majority of computer surveillance involves the monitoring of data and traffic on the Internet. [9] In the United States for example, under the Communications Assistance For Law Enforcement Act, all phone calls and broadband Internet traffic (emails, web traffic, instant messaging, etc.) are required to be available for unimpeded real-time monitoring by federal law enforcement agencies.
The Texas National Guard blocked the Border Patrol from placing mobile surveillance ... law enabling the U.S. government to condemn property rights essential to control and guard the borders of ...
The Constitution of Texas is the foremost source of state law. Legislation is enacted by the Texas Legislature, published in the General and Special Laws, and codified in the Texas Statutes. State agencies publish regulations (sometimes called administrative law) in the Texas Register, which are in turn codified in the Texas Administrative Code.