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Gastrulation in frogs commences in the marginal zone— the region encircling the blastula's equator where the animal and vegetal hemispheres meet—differing from sea urchins where it begins in the most vegetal part. In contrast to the vegetal blastomeres, the endodermal cells in the marginal zone of frogs are smaller and contain less yolk. [2]
Before gastrulation, the embryo is a continuous epithelial sheet of cells; by the end of gastrulation, the embryo has begun differentiation to establish distinct cell lineages, set up the basic axes of the body (e.g. dorsal–ventral, anterior–posterior), and internalized one or more cell types including the prospective gut. [2]
Gastrulation then continues along the ventroposterior blastopore lip and posterior streak region, from where cells contribute to ventral and posterior mesoderm. Adding to this, Brachyury and caudal homologues are expressed circumferentially around the blastopore lips in the frog, and along the primitive streak in chick and mouse. This would ...
During gastrulation cells migrate to the interior of the blastula, subsequently forming two (in diploblastic animals) or three (triploblastic) germ layers. The embryo during this process is called a gastrula. The germ layers are referred to as the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm.
The primitive streak is a structure that forms in the early embryo in amniotes. [1] In amphibians, the equivalent structure is the blastopore. [2] During early embryonic development, the embryonic disc becomes oval shaped, and then pear-shaped with the broad end towards the anterior, and the narrower region projected to the posterior.
Frog (Xenopus), as well as other amphibian, gastrulation serves as an excellent example of the role of convergent extension in embryogenesis. During gastrulation in frogs, the driving force of convergent extension is the morphogenic activity of the presumptive dorsal mesodermal cells; this activity is driven by the mesenchymal cells that lie ...
The world's largest frog is the goliath frog of West Africa—it can grow to 15 inches (38 centimeters) and weigh up to 7 pounds (3.2 kilograms). One of the smallest is the Cuban tree toad, which ...
The filopodia—thin fibers formed by the mesenchyme cells, found in late gastrulation—contract to drag the tip of the archenteron across the blastocoel. The endoderm of the archenteron will fuse with the ectoderm of the blastocoel wall. At this point gastrulation is complete, and the embryo has a functional digestive tube.