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The Oppidum of Manching (German: Oppidum von Manching) was a large Celtic proto-urban or city-like settlement at modern-day Manching, near Ingolstadt, in Bavaria, Germany. The Iron Age town (or oppidum ) was founded in the 3rd century BC and existed until c. 50-30 BC.
An oppidum (pl.: oppida) is a large fortified Iron Age settlement or town. Oppida are primarily associated with the Celtic late La Tène culture , emerging during the 2nd and 1st centuries BC, spread across Europe, stretching from Britain and Iberia in the west to the edge of the Hungarian Plain in the east.
Manching is a municipality in the district of Pfaffenhofen, in Bavaria, Germany. It is situated on the river Paar , 7 km southeast of Ingolstadt . In the late Iron Age , there was a Celtic settlement, the Oppidum of Manching , on the location of present-day Manching.
By contrast to Manching, only a fraction of the walled area likely was occupied by buildings. The oppidum's location at the two rivers and between Manching, Berching, and other settlements farther downstream on the Danube, together with the ample supply of wood and iron, likely were the basis for its existence. [1]: 394
Sun Zhu (1711–1778 [1]) was a Chinese poet and poetry anthologist of the Qing dynasty. He was also known as Hengtang Tuishi ("Retired Master of Hengtang") and was the original compiler and editor of the anthology Three Hundred Tang Poems, a popular compilation of Tang poetry, partly designed as a study aid for students. An enduring classic ...
Titelberg resembles a number of other Celtic oppidum sites. In particular, Bibracte, probably the capital of the Aedui, near Autun in France has similar dimensions and fortifications. Manching in Bavaria is a considerably larger site and Ensérune near Béziers in southern France also has a hilltop position.
Contemporary Indonesian Poetry: Poems in Bahasa Indonesia and English. University of Queensland Press. Aveling, Harry (2001). Secrets Need Words: Indonesian Poetry 1966-1998. Athens: Ohio University Center for International Studies. ISBN 0-89680-216-7. Raffel, Burton (1968). An Anthologoy of Indonesian Poetry. Albany: State University of New ...
A number of earth features (banks and ditches) are located south of the oppidum, some closely associated with mound 1. They appear to play no defensive role. A small square ditch west of the mound is associated with several other features and a number of large postholes, perhaps suggesting a shrine or temple. Most strikingly, a processional way ...