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Dry bulk ingredients, such as sugar and flour, are measured by weight in most of the world ("250 g flour"), and by volume in North America ("1 ⁄ 2 cup flour"). Small quantities of salt and spices are generally measured by volume worldwide, as few households have sufficiently precise balances to measure by weight.
Convenient "pau" units of both 200 grams and 250 grams are in current use in retail sales in different parts of the country. In Pakistan, the pao was slightly heavier, at 233.3 grams. [6] As to Afghanistan, it was reported in 1950 that 1 pao ≈ 1 lb (450 grams) in Kabul, with four paos to one charak and sixteen paos to a seer. [7]
1 kilogram (kg) = 1,000 grams (g) = 2.20462262 lb 1 lb = 453.59237 g = 0.45359237 kg 1 oz = 28.3495231 g. In four different English-language countries of recipe and measuring-utensil markets, approximate cup volumes range from 236.59 to 284.1 milliliters (mL). Adaptation of volumetric recipes can be made with density approximations:
Usually, "rice flour" refers to dry-milled rice flour (Korean: 건식 쌀가루, romanized: geonsik ssal-garu), which can be stored on a shelf. In Korea, wet-milled rice flour (Korean: 습식 쌀가루, romanized: seupsik ssal-garu) is made from rice that was soaked in water, drained, ground using a stone-mill, and then optionally sifted. [4]
The exact modern koku is calculated to be 180.39 litres, 100 times the capacity of a modern shō. [11] [d] This modern koku is essentially defined to be the same as the koku from the Edo period (1600–1868), [e] namely 100 times the shō equal to 64827 cubic bu in the traditional shakkanhō measuring system.
English-speaking countries also used a system of units of fluid measure, or in modern terminology volume units, based on the apothecaries' system. Originally, the terms and symbols used to describe the volume measurements of liquids were the same as or similar to those used to describe weight measurements of solids [33] (for example, the pound by weight and the fluid pint were both referred to ...
The grain was the legal foundation of traditional English weight systems, [5] and is the only unit that is equal throughout the troy, avoirdupois, and apothecaries' systems of mass. [6]: C-6 The unit was based on the weight of a single grain of barley which was equal to about + 4 ⁄ 3 the weight of a single grain of wheat.
This is equal to the square of the number of grains on the first half of the board, plus itself. The first square of the second half alone contains one more grain than the entire first half. On the 64th square of the chessboard alone, there would be 2 63 = 9,223,372,036,854,775,808 grains, more than two billion times as many as on the first ...