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Vision loss in toxic and nutritional optic neuropathy is bilateral, symmetric, painless, gradual, and progressive. Dyschromatopsia , a change in color vision, is often the first symptom. Some patients notice that certain colors, particularly red, are less bright or vivid; others have a general loss of color perception.
Symptoms may include an altered/decreased level of consciousness, poor or no coordination, vomiting, abdominal pain, and a specific smell on the breath. [1] [2] Decreased vision may start as early as twelve hours after exposure. [2] Long-term outcomes may include blindness and kidney failure. [1]
Caustic ingestion occurs when someone accidentally or deliberately ingests a caustic or corrosive substance.Depending on the nature of the substance, the duration of exposure and other factors it can lead to varying degrees of damage to the oral mucosa, the esophagus, and the lining of the stomach.
The prognosis for CSR is generally excellent. While immediate vision loss may be as poor as 20/200 in the affected eye, clinically, over 90% of patients regain 20/25 vision or better within 45 days. [1] Once the fluid has resolved, either spontaneously or through treatment, distortion is reduced and visual acuity improves as the eye heals.
Macular edema occurs when fluid and protein deposits collect on or under the macula of the eye (a yellow central area of the retina) and causes it to thicken and swell . The swelling may distort a person's central vision , because the macula holds tightly packed cones that provide sharp, clear, central vision to enable a person to see detail ...
Blurred vision; Dyspnoea (shortness of breath) Tinnitus (ringing in the ears) Migraine; Stevens–Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (potentially fatal skin reactions) Motorial weakness; Creatinine increase; Elevated liver enzymes; Hepatitis (liver swelling) Stomatitis (mouth swelling) Liver failure; Pulmonary oedema (fluid in the ...
Diplopia (double vision) is common. [4] Limitation of eye movement (due to impairment of eye muscle function). Periorbital and conjunctival edema (accumulation of fluid beneath the skin around the eyes). In severe cases, the optic nerve may be compressed and acuity of vision impaired. [24] Occasionally loss of vision.
The blockage leads to greater-than-normal elevated intraocular pressure [2] which, in turn, can damage the optic nerve. [7] The eye produces a clear fluid called the aqueous humor which subsequently drains such that there is a constant level of safe pressure within the eye, but glaucoma can result if this normal outflow of fluid is blocked.