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Malcolm X (born Malcolm Little, later el-Hajj Malik el-Shabazz; May 19, 1925 – February 21, 1965) was an African American revolutionary, Muslim minister and human rights activist who was a prominent figure during the civil rights movement until his assassination in 1965.
While thinkers such as Malcolm X influenced the early movement, the views of the Black Panther Party, founded in 1966, are widely seen as the cornerstone. Black power was influenced by philosophies such as pan-Africanism , Black nationalism , and socialism , as well as contemporary events such as the Cuban Revolution and the decolonization of ...
"The Ballot or the Bullet" is the title of a public speech by human rights activist Malcolm X.In the speech, which was delivered on two occasions the first being April 3, 1964, at the Cory Methodist Church in Cleveland, Ohio, [1] and the second being on April 12, 1964, at the King Solomon Baptist Church, in Detroit, Michigan, [2] Malcolm X advised African Americans to judiciously exercise ...
1964 photograph of Malcolm X. In 1965, Malcolm X expressed reservations about Black nationalism, saying, "I was alienating people who were true revolutionaries dedicated to overturning the system of exploitation that exists on this earth by any means necessary. So I had to do a lot of thinking and reappraising of my definition of black nationalism.
Malcolm X was a prominent spokesman for the Nation of Islam, famously calling on Black people to claim their civil rights "by any means necessary." Near the end of his life, he split with the ...
Malcolm X was 39 when he was shot 21 times by multiple gunmen who opened fire at him during a speech at the Audubon Ballroom in New York on Feb. 21, 1965. His wife and children were in the crowd ...
Some, including Rustin (who assembled 4,000 volunteer marshals from New York), were concerned that it might turn violent, which could undermine pending legislation and damage the international image of the movement. [42] The march was condemned by Malcolm X, spokesperson for the Nation of Islam, who termed it the "farce on Washington". [43]
Alexander writes that there has been a "systemic breakdown of black and poor communities devastated by mass unemployment, social neglect, economic abandonment, and intense police surveillance." [ 37 ] President Lyndon B. Johnson , stated in a commencement speech delivered at Howard University that there is a stark contrast between black and ...