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Cherry angioma, also called cherry hemangioma [1] or Campbell de Morgan Spot, [2] is a small bright red dome-shaped bump on the skin. [3] It ranges between 0.5 – 6 mm in diameter and usually several are present, typically on the chest and arms, and increasing in number with age. [3] [4] If scratched, they may bleed. [5]
Persons with these findings, if they have a positive tuberculin skin test reaction, should be considered high-priority candidates for treatment of latent infection regardless of age. Conversely, calcified nodular lesions (calcified granuloma ) pose a very low risk for future progression to active tuberculosis.
Desquamative interstitial pneumonia has a favourable prognosis and most patients improve with proper treatment. The mortality rate of DIP is between 6 and 28%. [22] The survival rate of DIP is estimated to be between 68% and 94%. Without treatment around 60% of patients get worse. Spontaneous recovery had also been reported. [16]
Chest trauma, a major cause of subcutaneous emphysema, can cause air to enter the skin of the chest wall from the neck or lung. [9] When the pleural membranes are punctured, as occurs in penetrating trauma of the chest, air may travel from the lung to the muscles and subcutaneous tissue of the chest wall. [9]
Lung nodules can also occur in immune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis or granulomatosis with polyangiitis, or organizing pneumonia. A solitary lung nodule can be found to be an arteriovenous malformation, a hematoma or an infarction zone. It may also be caused by bronchial atresia, sequestration, an inhaled foreign body or pleural plaque.
The most typically affected organs include the brain, skin, kidney, heart and lung. The incidence of TSC is approximately 1 in 6,000 live births. [30] Similar to other neurocutaneous disorders there is variable penetrance and expressivity. [28] TSC1 mutations tend to have a less severe phenotype and are more likely to be familial. [28]
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Further imaging depends on local protocols which is dependent on the hospital protocols, the availability of other imaging modalities and the preference of the image interpreter. In the UK, the standard chest radiography protocol is to take an erect posteroanterior view only and a lateral one only on request by a radiologist. [5]