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Alkylation is a chemical reaction that entails transfer of an alkyl group. The alkyl group may be transferred as an alkyl ... Alkylation in biology causes DNA damage.
This reaction was pioneered by Gilbert Stork, and is sometimes referred to by the name of its inventor (the Stork enamine alkylation). Analogously, this reaction can be used as an effective means of acylation. A variety of alkylating and acylating agents including benzylic, allylic halides can be used in this reaction. [15]
The reaction of the anion with an alkyl iodide will form the alkylated product with a strong preference for just one enantiomer. In the final step the dipeptide is cleaved by acidic hydrolysis in two amino acid methyl esters which can be separated from each other.
Methylation is a form of alkylation, with a methyl group replacing a hydrogen atom. These terms are commonly used in chemistry , biochemistry , soil science , and biology . In biological systems , methylation is catalyzed by enzymes ; such methylation can be involved in modification of heavy metals , regulation of gene expression , regulation ...
Alkylation is the addition of alkyl groups to molecules, often by alkylating agents such as alkyl halides. Alkylating antineoplastic agents are a class of compounds that are used to treat cancer. In such case, the term alkyl is used loosely. For example, nitrogen mustards are well-known alkylating agents, but they are not simple hydrocarbons.
A classic named reaction is the Mignonac reaction (1921) [13] involving reaction of a ketone with ammonia over a nickel catalyst. An example of this reaction is the synthesis of 1-phenylethylamine from acetophenone: [14] Reductive amination acetophenone ammonia. Additionally, many systems catalyze reductive aminations with hydrogenation ...
Alkylation reactions are subject to the same constraints that affect all SN 2 reactions. Thus, the leaving group X in the alkylating agent R-X can be chloride , bromide , iodide , or tosylate . The alkyl group R should be primary or methyl, and preferably should be allylic or benzylic .
Enzymes that catalyse this reaction are termed aminases. Amination can occur in a number of ways including reaction with ammonia or another amine such as an alkylation, reductive amination and the Mannich reaction.