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Megacolon can be associated with Chagas disease. [11] Chagas disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi , a flagellate protozoan transmitted by the assassin bug . Chagas disease can also be acquired congenitally, through blood transfusion or organ transplant, and rarely through contaminated food (for example garapa ).
Toxic megacolon is an acute form of colonic distension. [2] It is characterized by a very dilated colon ( megacolon ), accompanied by abdominal distension ( bloating ), and sometimes fever , abdominal pain , or shock .
Ogilvie syndrome, or acute colonic pseudo-obstruction, is the acute dilatation of the colon in the absence of any mechanical obstruction in severely ill patients. [1]Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction is characterized by massive dilatation of the cecum (diameter > 10 cm) and right colon on abdominal X-ray.
Megaduodenum due to its duodenal ganglionitis is an unusual condition, Megaduodenum's similarity to megacolon and megaesophagus diseases can better explain the most plausible causes of it. [6] In addition, some theories state that megaduodenum can be associated with the following causes: post-vagotomy , vitamin deficiency , and collagen diseases .
Signs and symptoms of CDI range from mild diarrhea to severe life-threatening inflammation of the colon. [16]In adults, a clinical prediction rule found the best signs to be significant diarrhea ("new onset of more than three partially formed or watery stools per 24-hour period"), recent antibiotic exposure, abdominal pain, fever (up to 40.5 °C or 105 °F), and a distinctive foul odor to the ...
Diagnosis is based on symptoms and confirmed by biopsy. [3] Treatment is generally by surgery to remove the affected section of bowel. [2] The surgical procedure most often carried out is known as a "pull through". [3] Occasionally, an intestinal transplantation may be recommended. [2] Hirschsprung's disease occurs in about one in 5,000 of ...
It may occur in chronic obstruction of stool transit, as in megacolon [10] and chronic constipation. Some diseases, such as Chagas disease, Hirschsprung's disease and others damage the autonomic nervous system in the colon's mucosa (Auerbach's plexus) and may cause extremely large or "giant" fecalomas, which must be surgically removed ...
An objective method used to evaluate the motility of the colon and help with diagnosis is the colon transit time. [19] Another helpful test to diagnose this condition may be an abdominal X-ray as this can show the distribution of feces and show any abnormalities with the colon, for example a megacolon . [ 14 ]