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Pulse pressure is calculated as the difference between the systolic blood pressure and the diastolic blood pressure. [3] [4]The systemic pulse pressure is approximately proportional to stroke volume, or the amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle during systole (pump action) and inversely proportional to the compliance (similar to elasticity) of the aorta.
Cardiac physiology or heart function is the study of healthy, unimpaired function of the heart: involving blood flow; myocardium structure; the electrical conduction system of the heart; the cardiac cycle and cardiac output and how these interact and depend on one another.
Heart failure: One of the most serious types of enlarged heart, an enlarged left ventricle, increases the risk of heart failure. In heart failure, the heart muscle weakens, and the ventricles stretch (dilate) to the point that the heart can't pump blood efficiently throughout the body.
Heart disease is a type of cardiovascular disease that affects the heart’s structure and function. Several different heart conditions fall under the umbrella term for heart disease.
[5] [6] Commonly, the right atrium and ventricle are referred together as the right heart and their left counterparts as the left heart. [7] In a healthy heart, blood flows one way through the heart due to heart valves, which prevent backflow. [4] The heart is enclosed in a protective sac, the pericardium, which also contains a small amount of ...
At severely high pressures, mean arterial pressures 50% or more above average, a person can expect to live no more than a few years unless appropriately treated. [50] For people with high blood pressure, higher heart rate variability (HRV) is a risk factor for atrial fibrillation. [51]
A child aged 1–3 years old can have a heart rate of 80–130 bpm, a child aged 3–5 years old a heart rate of 80–120 bpm, an older child (age of 6–10) a heart rate of 70–110 bpm, and an adolescent (age 11–14) a heart rate of 60–105 bpm. [12] An adult (age 15+) can have a heart rate of 60–100 bpm. [12]
The heart of a person with heart failure may have a reduced force of contraction due to overloading of the ventricle. In a healthy heart, increased filling of the ventricle results in increased contraction force (by the Frank–Starling law of the heart) and thus a rise in cardiac output. In heart failure, this mechanism fails, as the ventricle ...
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