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  2. Reincarnation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reincarnation

    Illustration of reincarnation in Hindu art In Jainism, a soul travels to any one of the four states of existence after death depending on its karmas.. Reincarnation, also known as rebirth or transmigration, is the philosophical or religious concept that the non-physical essence of a living being begins a new lifespan in a different physical form or body after biological death.

  3. Empedocles - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empedocles

    He also proposed forces he called Love and Strife which would mix and separate the elements, respectively. Empedocles challenged the practice of animal sacrifice and killing animals for food. He developed a distinctive doctrine of reincarnation. He is generally considered the last Greek philosopher to have recorded his ideas in verse.

  4. Arthur C. Clarke - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_C._Clarke

    Sir Arthur Charles Clarke CBE FRAS (16 December 1917 – 19 March 2008) was an English science fiction writer, science writer, futurist, [3] inventor, undersea explorer, and television series host. He co-wrote the screenplay for the 1968 film 2001: A Space Odyssey , widely regarded as one of the most influential films of all time.

  5. Metempsychosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metempsychosis

    In philosophy, metempsychosis (Ancient Greek: μετεμψύχωσις) is the transmigration of the soul, especially its reincarnation after death. The term is derived from ancient Greek philosophy, and has been recontextualized by modern philosophers such as Arthur Schopenhauer, [1] Kurt Gödel, [2] Mircea Eliade, [3] and Magdalena Villaba; [4] otherwise, the word "transmigration" is more ...

  6. Six Paths - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Paths

    The chain of transmigration due to the Three Poisons (hatred, greed, ignorance), of which ignorance of the ultimate truth (Sanskrit: paramārtha; Chinese: zhēndì 真谛) or the true law (Sanskrit: saddharma, सद्धर्म, correct law; Chinese: miàofǎ, 妙法, marvelous law) is generally presented as the source of reincarnation in ...

  7. Great White Brotherhood - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_White_Brotherhood

    The letters published by Sinnett, which proposed the controversial doctrine of reincarnation, were said to have been revealed through this means. [5] Helena P. Blavatsky. Eckartshausen's idea was expanded in the teachings of Helena P. Blavatsky as developed by Charles W. Leadbeater, Alice Bailey and Helena Roerich.

  8. Eternal return - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eternal_return

    There are hints in ancient writings that the theory of eternal return may have originated with Pythagoras (c. 570 – c. 495 BC). According to Porphyry, it was one of the teachings of Pythagoras that "after certain specified periods, the same events occur again" and that "nothing was entirely new". [1]

  9. Teleological argument - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleological_argument

    He proposed a version of the teleological argument based on the accumulation of the probabilities of each individual biological adaptation. "Tennant concedes that naturalistic accounts such as evolutionary theory may explain each of the individual adaptations he cites, but he insists that in this case the whole exceeds the sum of its parts ...