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The most common tracheal injury is a tear near the carina or in the membranous wall of the trachea. [15] In blunt chest trauma, TBI occurs within 2.5 cm of the carina 40–80% of the time. [2] The injury is more common in the right main bronchus than the left, possibly because the former is near vertebrae, which may injure it. [2]
Bronchomalacia can best be described as a birth defect of the bronchus in the respiratory tract. Congenital malacia of the large airways is one of the few causes of irreversible airways obstruction in children, with symptoms varying from recurrent wheeze and recurrent lower airways infections to severe dyspnea and respiratory insufficiency.
Acute bronchitis can be defined as acute bacterial or viral infection of the larger airways in healthy patients with no history of recurrent disease. [8] It affects over 40 adults per 1000 each year and consists of transient inflammation of the major bronchi and trachea. [9]
Laryngotracheal stenosis is an umbrella term for a wide and heterogeneous group of very rare conditions. The population incidence of adult post-intubation laryngotracheal stenosis which is the commonest benign sub-type of this condition is approximately 1 in 200,000 adults per year. [10] The main causes of adult laryngotracheal stenosis are:
Some children get tracheomalacia because of other health issues. Symptoms can be mild to severe. [citation needed] Symptoms inside the lung include noisy breathing that may get better when you change your baby's position or while he or she is asleep. Breathing problems that get worse during coughing, crying, feeding or colds.
Complications of lower airway obstruction, often from chronic diseases, include: Chronic hypoxia: Prolonged obstruction reduces oxygen supply. This leads to fatigue, confusion, and eventual organ damage. [1] [page needed] Cor Pulmonale: Persistent low oxygen levels can strain the right side of the heart. This can lead to right-sided heart failure.
Acute bronchitis; Other names: Chest cold: Figure A shows the location of the lungs and bronchial tubes. Figure B is an enlarged view of a normal bronchial tube. Figure C is an enlarged view of a bronchial tube with bronchitis. Specialty: Pulmonology: Symptoms: Cough with sputum, wheezing, shortness of breath, fever, chest discomfort [1] [2 ...
Considering that the total volume of the tracheal and bronchial lumen is about 150 cc, [28] [29] it may be reasonable to define massive hemoptysis as 200 ml, which is a little more than 150 ml, in terms of setting the threshold for fatal hemoptysis. More than 400ml/day is not adequate for screening purposes.