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The mineral olivine (/ ˈ ɒ l. ɪ ˌ v iː n /) is a magnesium iron silicate with the chemical formula (Mg,Fe) 2 Si O 4.It is a type of nesosilicate or orthosilicate.The primary component of the Earth's upper mantle, [9] it is a common mineral in Earth's subsurface, but weathers quickly on the surface.
It consists of centimetre-sized olivine crystals of peridot quality in an iron-nickel matrix. Coarser metal areas develop Widmanstätten patterns upon etching. Minor constituents are schreibersite , troilite , chromite, pyroxenes, and phosphates ( whitlockite , stanfieldite, farringtonite, and merrillite ).
The principal source of peridot olivine today is the San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation in Arizona. [ a ] It is also mined at another location in Arizona , and in Arkansas , Hawaii , Nevada , and New Mexico at Kilbourne Hole , in the US; and in Australia , Brazil , China , Egypt , Kenya , Mexico , Myanmar (Burma), Norway , Pakistan , Saudi ...
Kimberlite: formed in volcanic pipes and at least 35% olivine [9] Kimberlite is a highly brecciated variant of peridotite formed in volcanic pipes and is known for being the host rock to diamonds. Unlike other forms of peridotite, kimberlite is quite rare. [10] Pyroxene peridotite: From 40% to 90% olivine and less than 5% hornblende
Serpentine minerals are often formed by the hydration of olivine-rich ultramafic rocks at relatively low temperatures (0 to ~600 °C). [15] The chemical reaction turns olivine into serpentine minerals. They may also have their origins in metamorphic alterations of peridotite and pyroxene.
These PLU codes were introduced in 1990 to streamline produce identification for retailers and consumers. They typically range between 3000 and 4999, though there are exceptions. (As the IFPS ...
Exploration techniques for kimberlites primarily hinge on the identification and analysis of indicator minerals associated with the presence of kimberlite pipes and their potential diamond content. Sediment sampling is a fundamental approach, where kimberlite indicator minerals (KIMs) are dispersed across landscapes due to geological processes ...
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