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Dendrogram of various classes of endogenous retroviruses. Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are endogenous viral elements in the genome that closely resemble and can be derived from retroviruses. They are abundant in the genomes of jawed vertebrates, and they comprise up to 5–8% of the human genome (lower estimates of ~1%). [1] [2]
100271846 n/a Ensembl ENSG00000268964 n/a UniProt B6SEH9 n/a RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001191055 n/a RefSeq (protein) NP_001177984 n/a Location (UCSC) Chr 19: 53.04 – 53.05 Mb n/a PubMed search n/a Wikidata View/Edit Human Endogenous retrovirus group V member 2, envelope is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ERVV-2 gene. Function Many human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) families are expressed ...
Syncytin-2 also known as endogenous retrovirus group FRD member 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ERVFRD-1 gene. [5] This protein plays a key role in the implantation of human embryos in the womb. [6] This gene is conserved among all primates, with an estimated age of 45 million years. The receptor for this fusogenic env protein ...
In humans this protein is called syncytin, and is encoded by an endogenous retrovirus called on chromosome seven. Remarkably, the capture of syncytin or syncytin-like genes has occurred independently, from different groups of endogenous retroviruses, in diverse mammalian lineages .
A retrovirus is a type of virus that inserts a DNA copy of its RNA genome into the DNA of a host cell that it invades, thus changing the genome of that cell. [2] After invading a host cell's cytoplasm, the virus uses its own reverse transcriptase enzyme to produce DNA from its RNA genome, the reverse of the usual pattern, thus retro (backward).
Syncytin-1 also known as enverin is a protein found in humans and other primates that is encoded by the ERVW-1 gene (endogenous retrovirus group W envelope member 1). Syncytin-1 is a cell-cell fusion protein whose function is best characterized in placental development.
For example, viruses can cause evolution of their hosts, and the signatures of that evolution can be found and interpreted in the present day. [2] Also, some viral genetic fragments which were integrated into germline cells of an ancient organism have been passed down to our time as viral fossils , [ 2 ] or endogenous viral elements (EVEs). [ 3 ]
Human Endogenous Retrovirus-W (HERV-W) is a family of Human Endogenous Retroviruses (HERVs). HERVs are part of a superfamily of repetitive and transposable elements . Transposable elements are sequences of DNA that can move or "jump" around the genome, sometimes replicating and inserting themselves in different locations.