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The Agence nationale pour la gestion des déchets radioactifs (French pronunciation: [aʒɑ̃s nɑsjɔnal puʁ la ʒɛstjɔ̃ de deʃɛ ʁadjoaktif]; ANDRA), or National agency for the management of radioactive waste is a 'public institution of an industrial and commercial nature' charged with the management of radioactive waste in France.
The La Hague site is a nuclear fuel reprocessing plant at La Hague on the Cotentin Peninsula in northern France, with the Manche storage centre bordering on it. Operated by Orano , formerly AREVA , and prior to that COGEMA ( Compagnie générale des matières atomiques ), La Hague has nearly half of the world's light water reactor spent nuclear ...
Centraco ("Centre nucléaire de traitement et de conditionnement", a French "nuclear installation for the treatment and conditioning" of radioactive waste), is a factory operated by the society for packaging radioactive waste and industrial effluents (fr:Cyclife France, formerly fr:SOCODEI).
The activities of nuclear facilities generate fission products with very high levels of radioactivity and lifetimes in the tens of millennia. [5] Additionally, there are actinides that are less radioactive but have lifetimes in the millions of years, such as neptunium-237, which has a half-life of 2.1 million years, [6] fission products with lower activity such as iodine-129 (half-life of 16 ...
Because this could allow for weapons grade nuclear material, nuclear reprocessing is a concern for nuclear proliferation and is thus tightly regulated. Relatively high cost is associated with spent fuel reprocessing compared to the once-through fuel cycle, but fuel use can be increased and waste volumes decreased. [ 3 ]
The advanced reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel is a potential key to achieve a sustainable nuclear fuel cycle and to tackle the heavy burden of nuclear waste management. In particular, the development of such advanced reprocessing systems may save natural resources, reduce waste inventory and enhance the public acceptance of nuclear energy.
The future storage centre would have an area of 600 hectares, for 250 kilometres of galleries. It is proposed to store 70,000 cubic metres of intermediate-level waste and 10,000 cubic metres of long-lived high-level vitrified waste. [2] The French nuclear energy industry produces around 13,000 cubic metres of toxic radioactive waste every year. [3]
The Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982 established a timetable and procedure for constructing a permanent, underground repository for high-level radioactive waste by the mid-1990s, and provided for some temporary storage of waste, including spent fuel from 104 civilian nuclear reactors that produce about 19.4% of electricity there. [39]