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The first major volcanic event 240,000 years ago was the initial Mamaku eruption followed within an hours/days/weeks of a smaller eruption (phase 1) from the same mush body feeding the Ohakuri Caldera about 30 km (19 mi) to the south. [2] Ignimbrite, up to 180 metres (590 ft) thick was deposited in the surrounding area to the south of Rotorua. [1]
A summer storm hits Wah Wah Valley and the Wah Wah Mountains, in May 2009. Wah Wah Springs Caldera is a supervolcanic eruption remnant discovered in 2013 in Utah.It released 5,500 to 5,900 cubic kilometres (1,300 to 1,400 cu mi) of tephra, as the Wah Wah Springs Tuff, about 30.06 million years ago in the early Oligocene.
Fisher Caldera is located just 13 miles (21 km) from the Mount Westdahl volcano. The largest volcanic eruption on Earth during the Holocene Epoch (the last 11,700 years) occurred at Fisher Caldera in 8700 BCE. [2] Maps of Alaskan volcanoes with Fisher Caldera Aerial view of Fisher Caldera, with Eickelberg Peak in upper left corner
Some eruptions cooled the global climate—inducing a volcanic winter—depending on the amount of sulfur dioxide emitted and the magnitude of the eruption. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Before the present Holocene epoch, the criteria are less strict because of scarce data availability, partly since later eruptions have destroyed the evidence.
East of the Vanuatu island of Epi can be found a series of active underwater volcanic cones and a caldera which last erupted in 2023. These series of submarine volcanoes are generally referred as East Epi, and the 3 bigger cones have specific names, from west to east, Epi-A, Epi-B and Epi-C.
Modeling on an emission of 8.5 × 10 14 g of sulfur, which is 100 times the 1991 Pinatubo sulphur, volcanic winter has a maximum global mean cooling of 3.5 °C (6.3 °F) and returns gradually within the range of natural variability 5 years after the eruption. An initiation of a 1,000-year cold period or ice age is not supported by the model.
Tajogaite or Tajogaite Volcano is a monogenetic volcano located in the municipality of El Paso on the island of La Palma, Canary Islands. Although its official name is "Tajogaite", before its officialization some authors have called it Jedey or Cabeza de Vaca , among other names.
Bárðarbunga was a little-known volcano in Iceland due to its remote location and infrequent eruptions approximately once every 50 years, but recent studies have shown that many tephra layers originally thought to be from other volcanoes were ejected from Bárðarbunga, [1] and that lateral dyke intrusions may trigger eruptions in adjacent ...