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Clubfoot is a congenital or acquired defect where one or both feet are rotated inward and downward. [1] [2] Congenital clubfoot is the most common congenital malformation of the foot with an incidence of 1 per 1000 births. [5]
Pigeon toe, also known as in-toeing, is a condition which causes the toes to point inward when walking.It is most common in infants and children under two years of age [1] and, when not the result of simple muscle weakness, [2] normally arises from underlying conditions, such as a twisted shin bone or an excessive anteversion (femoral head is more than 15° from the angle of torsion) resulting ...
Brachydactyly type D, also known as short thumb, [3] [1] stub thumb, [5] [6] or clubbed thumb, [5] [6] is a genetic trait recognised by a thumb being relatively short and round with an accompanying wider nail bed.
Pes cavus can occur from four primary causes: neurological conditions, trauma, undertreated clubfoot, or idiopathic with other underlining conditions. [9]Bilateral presentation (i.e., in both feet) often occurs due to a hereditary or congenital source, whereas a unilateral presentation (i.e., in one foot) is often the result of trauma.
In humans/animals this condition can present itself on one or both hands or feet. [6] The extra digit is usually a small piece of soft tissue that can be removed.
This condition is also characterized by an unusual clubfoot with twisting of the metatarsals, inward and upward-turning foot, tarsus varus and inversion adducted appearances. Furthermore, they classically present with scoliosis (progressive curvature of the spine ) and unusually positioned thumbs ( hitchhiker's thumbs ).
Treatment is supportive and in accordance with symptoms. If they have difficulty nursing, infants may require feeding tubes or special bottles to maintain sufficient nutrition. Physical, occupational, and speech therapy can improve motor skills and coordination and can lead to better control of speaking and eating abilities.
Ectrodactyly, split hand, or cleft hand [1] (from Ancient Greek ἔκτρωμα (ektroma) 'miscarriage' and δάκτυλος (daktylos) 'finger') [2] involves the deficiency or absence of one or more central digits of the hand or foot and is also known as split hand/split foot malformation (SHFM). [3]