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The principle of loop avoidance. The utilization of learning, forwarding, and Filtering Database (FDB) mechanisms defined in the Ethernet flow forwarding function (ETH_FF). Loop avoidance in an Ethernet Ring is achieved by guaranteeing that, at any time, traffic may flow on all but one of the ring links.
[1] [2] Initially it was known by the name Train Collision Avoidance System (TCAS). [3] [4] Kavach was adopted by Ministry of Railways as the National ATP System in July 2020. [5] Kavach functioning explained through schematic diagram. Development of Kavach began in the year 2011 as an open architecture system. In 2014, field trials commenced.
A modern switch may implement power over Ethernet (PoE), which avoids the need for attached devices, such as a VoIP phone or wireless access point, to have a separate power supply. Since switches can have redundant power circuits connected to uninterruptible power supplies , the connected device can continue operating even when regular office ...
The TCP congestion-avoidance algorithm is the primary basis for congestion control in the Internet. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Per the end-to-end principle , congestion control is largely a function of internet hosts , not the network itself.
Networks use congestion control and congestion avoidance techniques to try to avoid collapse. These include: exponential backoff in protocols such as CSMA/CA in 802.11 and the similar CSMA/CD in the original Ethernet , window reduction in TCP , and fair queueing in devices such as routers and network switches .
On May 5, 2016, a military GPWS called Automatic Ground Collision Avoidance System (Auto-GCAS) equipped aboard an F-16 was activated after a trainee pilot lost consciousness from excessive G forces during basic fighter manoeuvre training. In an approximately 55 degree nose down attitude at 8,760 ft (2,670 m) and a speed of 750 mph (1,210 km/h ...
Pathological demand avoidance (PDA) or extreme demand avoidance (EDA) is a proposed disorder, and proposed pervasive developmental disorder, defined by characteristics such as a demand avoidance—which is a greater-than-typical refusal to comply with requests or expectations—and extreme efforts to avoid social demands. [1]
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