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Graph depicting blood sugar change during a day with three meals. The glycemic (glycaemic) index (GI; / ɡ l aɪ ˈ s iː m ɪ k / [1]) is a number from 0 to 100 assigned to a food, with pure glucose arbitrarily given the value of 100, which represents the relative rise in the blood glucose level two hours after consuming that food. [2]
Whereas glycemic index is defined for each type of food, glycemic load can be calculated for any size serving of a food, an entire meal, or an entire day's meals. [ citation needed ] Glycemic load of a 100 g serving of food can be calculated as its carbohydrate content measured in grams (g), multiplied by the food's GI, and divided by 100.
Glycemic index is a ranking of how quickly food is metabolized into glucose when digested. It compares available carbohydrates gram-for-gram in foods to provide a numerical, evidence-based index of postprandial (post-meal) blood sugar level. The concept was introduced in 1981. [1]
The Insulin Index is not the same as a glycemic index (GI), which is based exclusively on the digestible carbohydrate content of food, and represents a comparison of foods in amounts with equal digestible carbohydrate content (typically 50 g). The insulin index compares foods in amounts with equal overall caloric content (240 kcal or 1000 kJ).
Lowering the glycemic index of one's diet may improve the control of diabetes. [19] [20] This includes avoidance of such foods as potatoes cooked in certain ways (i.e.: boiled and mashed potatoes are higher GI than fried) and bread. [21]
Test-strip shapes and their exact chemical composition vary between meter systems and cannot be interchanged. Formerly, some test strips were read (after timing and wiping away the blood sample) by visual comparison against a color chart printed on the vial label.
The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) is a numerical score that assesses a diet for its effect on several biomarkers linked to inflammation. Its theoretical bounds are −8.87 to +7.98, and it is oriented such that negative scores are more anti-inflammatory and more positive scores are pro-inflammatory .
Montignac diet: A weight-loss diet characterised by consuming carbohydrates with a low glycemic index. [167] Mushroom diet: A mushroom-predominant diet. Negative calorie diet: A claim by many weight-loss diets that some foods take more calories to digest than they provide, such as celery. The basis for this claim is disputed. [168]