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The Gustilo open fracture classification system is the most commonly used classification system for open fractures. It was created by Ramón Gustilo and Anderson, and then further expanded by Gustilo, Mendoza, and Williams. [1] [2] [3]
The severity of open fractures can vary. For diagnosing and classifying open fractures, Gustilo-Anderson open fracture classification is the most commonly used method. [2] This classification system can also be used to guide treatment, and to predict clinical outcomes.
This classification system was developed by Harald Tscherne and Hans-Jörg Oestern in 1982 at the Hannover Medical School (Hanover, Germany) to classify both open and closed fractures. This classification system is based on the physiological concept that the higher the kinetic energy imparted on the bone, the higher the kinetic energy imparted ...
The Müller AO Classification of fractures is a system for classifying bone fractures initially published in 1987 [1] by the AO Foundation as a method of categorizing injuries according to therognosis of the patient's anatomical and functional outcome. "AO" is an initialism for the German "Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen", the ...
An open fracture (or compound fracture) is a bone fracture where the broken bone breaks through the skin. [2] A bone fracture may be the result of high force impact or stress , or a minimal trauma injury as a result of certain medical conditions that weaken the bones, such as osteoporosis , osteopenia , bone cancer , or osteogenesis imperfecta ...
Tscherne classification – Used to describe external appearance of wounds in both open and closed fractures. Gustilo-Anderson classification – Classifies open fractures based on wound size, extent of soft tissue loss, and degree of contamination. [15] Hannover Fracture scale – Used in open fractures as an extremity salvage assessment.
Two systems of fracture classification are commonly used to aid diagnosis and management of tibia shaft fractures: [citation needed] Oestern and Tscherne Classification; Gustilo-Anderson Classification; Management is dependent on the determination of whether the fracture is open or closed. [citation needed]
Calcaneal fracture; Catagmatic; Cervical fracture; Chalkstick fracture; Chance fracture; Chauffeur's fracture; Child bone fracture; Chopart's fracture–dislocation; Classification of distal radius fractures; Clavicle fracture; Clay-shoveler fracture; Coccyx fracture; Colles' fracture; Crus fracture; Cuboid fracture; Cuneiform fracture