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The liquid crystal alignment is chosen so that its relaxed phase is a twisted one (see Twisted nematic field effect). [8] This twisted phase reorients light that has passed through the first polarizer, allowing its transmission through the second polarizer (and reflected back to the observer if a reflector is provided).
Photoalignment is a technique for orienting liquid crystals to desired alignment by exposure to polarized light and a photo reactive alignment chemical. [1] It is usually performed by exposing the alignment chemical ('command surface') to polarized light with desired orientation which then aligns the liquid crystal cells or domains to the exposed orientation.
Homeotropic alignment often appears in the smectic A phase (S A). In discotic liquid crystals homeotropic alignment is defined as the state in which an axis of the column structure, which is formed by disc-like liquid crystalline molecules, aligns perpendicularly to a substance. In other words, this alignment looks like a state in which columns ...
OFF state. In the OFF state, i.e., when no electrical field is applied, the nematic liquid crystal molecules form a twisted configuration (aka helical structure or helix) between the two glass plates, G in the figure, which are separated by several spacers and coated with transparent electrodes, E 1 and E 2.
Liquid crystals with low molecular weight can be mixed with high molecular weight polymers, followed by phase-separation to form a kind of spongy matrix filled with LC droplets. An external electric field can align the LC to match its index with that of the polymer matrix, switching that cell from a milky (scattering) state to a clear ...
If a crystal can be divided by a plane into two mirror-image halves, then the plane is a plane of symmetry. A crystal may have zero, one, or multiple planes of symmetry. For example, a cube has nine planes of symmetry. A plane of symmetry is also known as reflection symmetry or mirror symmetry.
In liquid crystals homogeneous alignment, sometimes called planar alignment, is the state of alignment where molecules align in parallel to a substrate. The opposite method is homeotropic alignment. [1] For planar alignment - polyimides can be used. One of the popular ones is PI-2555.
A liquid-crystal display (LCD) is a flat-panel display or other electronically modulated optical device that uses the light-modulating properties of liquid crystals combined with polarizers to display information. Liquid crystals do not emit light directly [1] but instead use a backlight or reflector to produce images in color or monochrome. [2]