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Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) or echo-endoscopy is a medical procedure in which endoscopy (insertion of a probe into a hollow organ) is combined with ultrasound to obtain images of the internal organs in the chest, abdomen and colon. It can be used to visualize the walls of these organs, or to look at adjacent structures.
Abdominal ultrasound can be used to diagnose abnormalities in various internal organs, such as the kidneys, [1] liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen and abdominal aorta.If Doppler ultrasonography is added, the blood flow inside blood vessels can be evaluated as well (for example, to look for renal artery stenosis).
Therapeutic endoscopy is the medical term for an endoscopic procedure during which treatment is carried out via the endoscope. This contrasts with diagnostic endoscopy , where the aim of the procedure is purely to visualize a part of the gastrointestinal , respiratory or urinary tract in order to aid diagnosis .
Ultrasound image showing the liver, gallbladder and common bile duct. Medical ultrasound uses high frequency broadband sound waves in the megahertz range that are reflected by tissue to varying degrees to produce (up to 3D) images. This is commonly associated with imaging the fetus in pregnant women. Uses of ultrasound are much broader, however.
Medical ultrasound includes diagnostic techniques (mainly imaging techniques) using ultrasound, as well as therapeutic applications of ultrasound. In diagnosis, it is used to create an image of internal body structures such as tendons, muscles, joints, blood vessels, and internal organs, to measure some characteristics (e.g., distances and velocities) or to generate an informative audible sound.
The chart below is older (2020 data) and breaks down the voluntary spending further by separating out-of-pocket payments. In this chart the items are stacked by color. There are a few other countries than just OECD countries. [2] [3] Click to enlarge. Timeline of a few OECD countries: Health care cost as percent of GDP (total economy of a ...
Diagram of an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) The patient is sedated or anaesthetized. Then a flexible camera ( endoscope ) is inserted through the mouth, down the esophagus, into the stomach, through the pylorus into the duodenum where the ampulla of Vater (the union of the common bile duct and pancreatic duct) exists.
Ultrasound can ablate tumors or other tissue non-invasively. [4] This is accomplished using a technique known as high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), also called focused ultrasound surgery. This procedure uses generally lower frequencies than medical diagnostic ultrasound (250–2000 kHz), but significantly higher time-averaged intensities.