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The Ottoman Empire developed over the years as a despotism [citation needed] with the Sultan as the supreme ruler of a centralized government [citation needed] that had an effective control of its provinces, officials and inhabitants. Wealth and rank could be inherited but were just as often earned.
After the Tanzimat, the government bureaucracy was streamlined. For most routine communications, the imperial scribe ( Serkâtib-i şehriyârî ) began to record the spoken will ( irâde ) of the Sultan and thus the irâde (also called irâde-i seniyye , i.e., "supreme will", or irâde-i şâhâne , i.e., "glorious will") replaced the hatt-ı ...
The formation of households coincided with a general increase in the wealth and power of the empire's highest-ranking provincial officials, [53] which proved to be a mixed blessing for the central government: while the governors used their power to centralize imperial control and assemble larger armies to combat the Ottoman Empire's enemies ...
However, by 1913 the Ottoman Empire was a dictatorship of the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), led by the Three Pashas (Talat Pasha, Enver Pasha, and Cemal Pasha). This dictatorship capitalized on the developed bureaucracy created through a century of reform and centralization by undertaking genocide against Christian minorities.
The Ottoman Empire had a centralized government in Istanbul which held power over the military, the provincial governors, and local religious leaders. [42] [43] In the Ottoman Empire, the military was controlled by the state, the lesser leaders of troops were all beholden to the Sultan, and in exchange, they were given territories to rule over ...
Ankara’s architecture of power and administration is often dismissed as dull, but “Turkey’s Washington” offers a greener, more liveable destination than Istanbul.
The Ottoman Empire [k] (/ ˈ ɒ t ə m ə n / ⓘ), also called the Turkish Empire, [23] [24] was an imperial realm [l] that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe, between the early 16th and early 18th centuries. [25] [26] [27]
The Ottoman Public Debt Administration (OPDA) was a European-controlled organization that was established in 1881 to collect the payments which the Ottoman Empire owed to European companies in the Ottoman public debt. The OPDA became a vast, essentially independent bureaucracy within the Ottoman bureaucracy, run by the creditors.