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The product backlog is a breakdown of work to be done and contains an ordered list of product requirements (such as features, bug fixes and non-functional requirements) that the team maintains for a product. The order of a product backlog corresponds to the urgency of the task. Common formats for backlog items include user stories and use cases ...
The INVEST mnemonic for Agile software development projects was created by Bill Wake [1] as a reminder of the characteristics of a good quality Product Backlog Item (commonly written in user story format, but not required to be) or PBI for short. Such PBIs may be used in a Scrum backlog, Kanban board or XP project.
The agile product backlog in scrum is a prioritized features list, containing short descriptions of all functionality desired in the product. When applying the scrum or other agile development methodology, it is not necessary to start a project with a lengthy, upfront effort to document all requirements as is more common with traditional project management methods following the waterfall model.
The product backlog is referred to with different names in different project management frameworks, such as product backlog in scrum, [61] [62] work item list in disciplined agile, [62] [63] and option pool in lean. [62] In the scrum framework, creation and continuous maintenance of the product backlog is part of the responsibility of the ...
A sample burndown chart for a completed iteration. It will show the remaining effort and tasks for each of the 21 work days of the 1-month iteration. A burndown chart or burn-down chart is a graphical representation of work left to do versus time. [1] The outstanding work (or backlog) is often on the vertical axis, with time along the horizontal.
Data refinement is used to convert an abstract data model (in terms of sets for example) into implementable data structures (such as arrays). [ citation needed ] Operation refinement converts a specification of an operation on a system into an implementable program (e.g., a procedure ).
For example, a problem found in the early stages (such as requirements specification) is cheaper to fix than the same bug found later on in the process (by a factor of 50 to 200). [ 17 ] In common practice, waterfall methodologies result in a project schedule with 20–40% of the time invested for the first two phases, 30–40% of the time to ...
The refinement calculus is a formalized approach to stepwise refinement for program construction. The required behaviour of the final executable program is specified as an abstract and perhaps non-executable "program", which is then refined by a series of correctness-preserving transformations into an efficiently executable program.