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English: Radiation Dose Chart by Randall Munroe as part of the webcomic xkcd (SVG version of ). In response to concerns about the radioactivity released by the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster:Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster in 2011, and to remedy what he described as "confusing" reporting on radiation levels in the media, Munroe created a chart of comparative radiation exposure levels.
The effective dose is the risk of radiation averaged over the entire body. [4] Ionizing radiation is known to cause cancer in humans. [4] We know this from the Life Span Study, which followed survivors of the atomic bombing in Japan during World War 2. [5] [4] Over 100,000 individuals were followed for 50 years.
Recognized effects of higher acute radiation doses are described in more detail in the article on radiation poisoning.Although the International System of Units (SI) defines the sievert (Sv) as the unit of radiation dose equivalent, chronic radiation levels and standards are still often given in units of millirems (mrem), where 1 mrem equals 1/1,000 of a rem and 1 rem equals 0.01 Sv.
HP-8, 41-year-old woman 1946 1975 29.7 years 71 Unknown 6.5 HP-9, 64-year-old man 1946 1947 1.2 years 65 Bronchopneumonia 6.3 CAL-2, 4-year, 10-month old boy 1946 1947 8 months 5 Bone cancer 2.7 + radio-cerium and yttrium HP-10, 52-year-old man 1946 1957 10.9 years 63 Heart disease 6.1 CAL-3, 36-year-old man 1947 1991 44 years 80
The energy-depth-dose profile is a curve starting with a surface dose, ascending to the maximum dose in a certain depth d m (usually normalized as 100% dose), then descends slowly through depths of 90% dose (d 90) and 80% dose (d 80), then falls off linearly and relatively sharply though depth of 50% dose (d 50).
The ladies are all pushing 80 -- Mimi is 75, Annette is 72 and Linda is 71 -- but they look decades younger. Not a single one of those women looked over 40, let alone in their 70s.
The rad is a unit of absorbed radiation dose, defined as 1 rad = 0.01 Gy = 0.01 J/kg. [1] It was originally defined in CGS units in 1953 as the dose causing 100 ergs of energy to be absorbed by one gram of matter.