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  2. Hidden Field Equations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidden_Field_Equations

    The HFE family of cryptosystems is based on the hardness of the problem of finding solutions to a system of multivariate quadratic equations (the so-called MQ problem) since it uses private affine transformations to hide the extension field and the private polynomials. Hidden Field Equations also have been used to construct digital signature ...

  3. List of HTTP header fields - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_header_fields

    The Trailer general field value indicates that the given set of header fields is present in the trailer of a message encoded with chunked transfer coding. Trailer: Max-Forwards: Permanent RFC 9110: Transfer-Encoding: The form of encoding used to safely transfer the entity to the user.

  4. Activation function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activation_function

    Aside from their empirical performance, activation functions also have different mathematical properties: Nonlinear When the activation function is non-linear, then a two-layer neural network can be proven to be a universal function approximator. [6] This is known as the Universal Approximation Theorem. The identity activation function does not ...

  5. Latent and observable variables - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latent_and_observable...

    In this situation, the term hidden variables is commonly used (reflecting the fact that the variables are meaningful, but not observable). Other latent variables correspond to abstract concepts, like categories, behavioral or mental states, or data structures. The terms hypothetical variables or hypothetical constructs may be used in these ...

  6. Transfer function matrix - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_function_matrix

    In control system theory, and various branches of engineering, a transfer function matrix, or just transfer matrix is a generalisation of the transfer functions of single-input single-output (SISO) systems to multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) systems. [1] The matrix relates the outputs of the system to its inputs.

  7. Artificial intelligence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence

    Artificial intelligence (AI), in its broadest sense, is intelligence exhibited by machines, particularly computer systems.It is a field of research in computer science that develops and studies methods and software that enable machines to perceive their environment and use learning and intelligence to take actions that maximize their chances of achieving defined goals. [1]

  8. Final value theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Final_value_theorem

    For a system described by the transfer function = +, the final value theorem appears to predict the final value of the impulse response to be 0 and the final value of the step response to be 1. However, neither time-domain limit exists, and so the final value theorem predictions are not valid.

  9. Internet of things - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_of_things

    IoT systems are typically controlled by event-driven smart apps that take as input either sensed data, user inputs, or other external triggers (from the Internet) and command one or more actuators towards providing different forms of automation. [289] Examples of sensors include smoke detectors, motion sensors, and contact sensors.