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Memory disorders are the result of damage to neuroanatomical structures that hinders the storage, retention and recollection of memories. Memory disorders can be progressive, including Alzheimer's disease, or they can be immediate including disorders resulting from head injury.
Amnesia is a deficit in memory caused by brain damage or brain diseases, [1] but it can also be temporarily caused by the use of various sedative and hypnotic drugs. The memory can be either wholly or partially lost due to the extent of damage that is caused. [2] There are two main types of amnesia:
A second cause is a traumatic brain injury in which damage is usually done to the hippocampus or surrounding cortices. It may also be caused by PTSD, a shocking event, or an emotional disorder. [5] Illness, though much rarer, can also cause anterograde amnesia if it causes encephalitis, which is the inflammation of brain tissue.
The patient is likely to exhibit permanent deficits in memory and cognitive function, and the patient is unlikely to be able to return to work. 12+ weeks – injury is very severe and accompanied by significant disabilities that will require long-term rehabilitation and management. The patient is unlikely to be able to return to work.
Following acquired brain injury it is common for people to experience memory loss; [6] memory disorders are one of the most prevalent cognitive deficits experienced in affected people. [6] However, because some aspects of memory are directly linked to attention, it can be challenging to assess what components of a deficit are caused by memory ...
It is caused by disease or injury affecting the blood supply to the brain, typically involving a series of mini-strokes. The symptoms of this dementia depend on where in the brain the strokes occurred and whether the blood vessels affected were large or small. [13]
Vascular dementia is dementia caused by a series of strokes. [2] [4] Restricted blood flow due to strokes reduces oxygen and glucose delivery to the brain, causing cell injury and neurological deficits in the affected region. [6]
Memory loss in patients with temporally graded RA strongly follows Ribot's law, meaning that one will experience more memory loss for events closer to the injury or disease onset. [4] This type of RA is commonly triggered in individuals with Korsakoff syndrome due to a combination of long-term alcohol use and Wernicke encephalopathy. [7]