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tRNA: transfer RNA RF00005: sRNA soluble RNA - synonym of tRNA: mRNA: messenger RNA - pcRNA protein coding RNA - synonym of mRNA: rRNA: ribosomal RNA multiple families: 5S rRNA: 5S ribosomal RNA RF00001: 5.8S rRNA: 5.8S ribosomal RNA RF00002: SSU rRNA: small subunit ribosomal RNA CL00111: LSU rRNA: large subunit ribosomal RNA CL00112: NoRC RNA
In the cytoplasm, ribosomal RNA and protein combine to form a nucleoprotein called a ribosome. The ribosome binds mRNA and carries out protein synthesis. Several ribosomes may be attached to a single mRNA at any time. [27] Nearly all the RNA found in a typical eukaryotic cell is rRNA. Transfer-messenger RNA (tmRNA) is found in many bacteria and ...
Mature mRNA is then read by the ribosome, and the ribosome creates the protein utilizing amino acids carried by transfer RNA (tRNA). This process is known as translation. All of these processes form part of the central dogma of molecular biology, which describes the flow of genetic information in a biological system.
Since mRNA is the species of interest and it represents only 3% of its total content, the RNA sample should be treated to remove rRNA and tRNA and tissue-specific RNA transcripts. [23] The step of library preparation with the aim of producing short cDNA fragments, begins with RNA fragmentation to transcripts in length between 50 and 300 base pairs.
The 12S rRNA is the mitochondrial homologue of the prokaryotic 16S and eukaryotic nuclear 18S ribosomal RNAs. [4] Mutations in the MT-RNR1 gene may be associated with hearing loss. [5] The rRNA gene also encodes a peptide MOTS-c, also known as Mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c or Mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA-c.
The mRNA is extracted from the organism and reverse transcriptase is used to copy the mRNA into stable ds-cDNA (blue). In microarrays, the ds-cDNA is fragmented and fluorescently labelled (orange). The labelled fragments bind to an ordered array of complementary oligonucleotides, and measurement of fluorescent intensity across the array ...
Pre-mRNA is synthesized from a DNA template in the cell nucleus by transcription. Pre-mRNA comprises the bulk of heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA). Once pre-mRNA has been completely processed, it is termed "mature messenger RNA", or simply "messenger RNA". The term hnRNA is often used as a synonym for pre-mRNA, although, in the strict sense ...
The rRNA and RNA processing factors form large aggregates called the nucleolus. [15] In the case of transfer RNA (tRNA), for example, the 5′ sequence is removed by RNase P, [16] whereas the 3′ end is removed by the tRNase Z enzyme [17] and the non-templated 3′ CCA tail is added by a nucleotidyl transferase. [18]