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Punctum delens, typographic marks used to indicate deletion; Neume, the basic element of Western and Eastern systems of musical notation prior to the invention of five-line staff notation; Equant, punctum aequans, is a mathematical concept developed by Claudius Ptolemy in the 2nd century AD to account for the observed motion of heavenly bodies
In later Old Irish, initial f s come to be written ḟ ṡ when lenited, with a dot (a so-called punctum delens) above the letter. Lenition occurs after: Certain case forms within a noun phrase, either of the noun or a preceding article or possessive. These include, at least: Nominative and vocative singular of all feminines
Strikethrough, or strikeout, is a typographical presentation of words with a horizontal line through their center, resulting in text like this, sometimes an X or a forward slash is typed over the top instead of using a horizontal line. [1] Strike-through was used in medieval manuscripts.
Some sources distinguish "diacritical marks" (marks upon standard letters in the A–Z 26-letter alphabet) from "special characters" (letters not marked but radically modified from the standard 26-letter alphabet) such as Old English and Icelandic eth (Ð, ð) and thorn (uppercase Þ, lowercase þ), and ligatures such as Latin and Anglo-Saxon Æ (minuscule: æ), and German eszett (ß; final ...
This is a list of Latin words with derivatives in English language. Ancient orthography did not distinguish between i and j or between u and v. [1] Many modern works distinguish u from v but not i from j. In this article, both distinctions are shown as they are helpful when tracing the origin of English words. See also Latin phonology and ...
Academic transcription of Middle English uses the same conventions as Vulgar Latin above. In academic transcription of Serbo-Croatian dialects, ẹ ọ ạ (typically /e/ /o/ /ɐ/) represent higher vowels than standard e o a, and the first two often contrast with lower vowels marked with a comma below, e̦ o̦ (typically /ɛ/ /ɔ/).
The nasalisation was retained at least into the earliest history of Old English. Word-final /t/ was lost after an unstressed syllable. This followed the loss of word-final /n/, because it remained before /t/: PrePGmc * bʰr̥n̥t > early PGmc *burunt > late PGmc *burun "they carried". /e/ was raised to /i/ in unstressed syllables.
Punctuation in the English language helps the reader to understand a sentence through visual means other than just the letters of the alphabet. [1] English punctuation has two complementary aspects: phonological punctuation, linked to how the sentence can be read aloud, particularly to pausing; [2] and grammatical punctuation, linked to the structure of the sentence. [3]